祁连山典型植被土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lczyyj.2024.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨祁连山典型植被土壤有机碳空间分布特征及其影响因素,可为评估该地区森林土壤固碳效应提供科学依据。以退耕地为对照,以草地、天然乔木(青海云杉、祁连圆柏)、人工乔木(落叶松)和灌木5种典型植被为研究对象,测定0~100 cm深度土壤有机碳含量、有机碳密度、土壤粒度、pH、电导率、全氮、全钾和全磷含量,比较分析不同植被土壤有机碳组分的分布差异及其主要影响因素。结果表明:1)不同植被类型平均土壤有机碳含量排序为青海云杉(5.99 g/kg)>祁连圆柏(5.59 g/kg)>落叶松(2.91 g/kg)>灌木(1.83 g/kg)>草地(1.66 g/kg)>退耕地(1.16 g/kg);平均土壤有机碳密度排序为青海云杉(3.43 kg/m²)>祁连圆柏(2.76 kg/m²)>落叶松(2.16 kg/m²)>灌木(2.08 kg/m²)>草地(2.00 kg/m²)>退耕地(1.33 kg/m²)。2)随着土层的加深,不同植被土壤有机碳含量整体上呈减小的趋势,土壤有机碳密度呈先增后减的趋势。3)不同植被类型土壤C/N为9.30~15.73,均值表现为青海云杉(14.96)>草地(11.66)>退耕地(11.54)>灌木(10.83)>落叶松(10.69)>祁连圆柏(10.63)。4)不同植被类型土壤有机碳和全氮含量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),有机碳与全磷、黏粒、粉粒呈极显著或显著正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),有机碳与砂粒含量呈极显著或显著负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),有机碳与pH均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。祁连山自然生长的乔木土壤有机碳固持能力较好,在建设碳汇林时应充分考虑土壤有机碳的影响,优先选择乔木植被。

关键词: 祁连山, 典型植被, 有机碳含量, 有机碳密度, 影响因素

Abstract:

By exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in the typical vegetation of the Qilian Mountains,we aimed to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the carbon sequestration effects of forest soil in the region.Using converted cultivated land as a control,five typical vegetation types were studied:grassland,natural trees(Picea crassifolia,Sabina przewalskii),artificial trees(Larix gmelinii)and shrub.Soil organic carbon content,organic carbon density,soil grades,pH,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,total potassium,and total phosphorus were measured at depths of 0-100 cm compare and analyze the distribution differences and main influencing factors of organic carbon components in different vegetation soils.Results showed:1)The average soil organic carbon content and organic carbon density under different vegetation types were as follows:P.crassifolia(5.99 g/kg,3.43 kg/m²,respectively)>S.przewalskii(5.59 g/kg,2.76 kg/m²,respectively)>L.gmelinii(2.91 g/kg,2.16 kg/m²,respectively)>shrub(1.83 g/kg,2.08 kg/m²,respectively)>grassland(1.66 g/kg,2.00 kg/m²,respectively)>abandoned lands(1.16 g/kg,1.33 kg/m²,respectively).2)With soil layer deepening,the overall organic carbon content of different vegetation soils tended to decrease,while the density of soil organic carbon showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.3)In the 0-100 cm soil layer,the soil C/N content of different vegetation types ranged from 9.30 to 15.73,with mean values as follows:P.crassifolia(14.96)>grassland(11.66)>abandoned land(11.54)>shrub(10.83)>L.gmelinii(10.69)>S.przewalskii(10.63).4)Organic carbon and total nitrogen content in different vegetation types showed a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01),and a highly significant or significant positive correlation with total phosphorus,clay,and silt(P<0.01,P<0.05),a highly significant or significant negative correlation with sand content(P<0.01,P<0.05),and a significant negative correlation with pH(P<0.05).Thus the soil organic carbon retention capacity of natural trees in the Qilian Mountains is superior.Future carbon sequestration forestry construction should consider factors affecting soil organic carbon and prioritize dominant vegetation.

Key words: Qilian Mountain, typical vegetation, organic carbon content, organic carbon density, influence factor

中图分类号:

Q958.15
S714

姜生秀, 赵鹏, 张俊年, 李得禄, 刘子玺. 祁连山典型植被土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 林草资源研究, 2024,(2): 1-7.

JIANG Shengxiu, ZHAO Peng, ZHANG Junnian, LI Delu, LIU Zixi. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Organic Carbon in Typical Vegetation in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Forest and Grassland Resources Research, 2024,(2): 1-7.

图/表 5

表1

表2

图1

表3

表4

参考文献 27

[1]	方精云, 于贵瑞, 任小波, 等. 中国陆地生态系统固碳效应:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”之生态系统固碳任务群研究进展[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2015, 30(6):848-57.
[2]	杨元合, 石岳, 孙文娟, 等. 中国及全球陆地生态系统碳源汇特征及其对碳中和的贡献[J]. 中国科学:生命科学, 2022, 52(4):534-574.
[3]	BATJES N H. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 65(1):10-21.
[4]	CHEN Dima, LAN Zhichun, HU Shuijin, et al. Effects of nitrogen enrichment on belowground communities in grassland:Relative role of soil nitrogen availability vs.soil acidification[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 89(10):99-108.
[5]	于贵瑞, 王秋凤, 朱先进. 区域尺度陆地生态系统碳收支评估方法及其不确定性[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(1):103-13. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2011.01.013
[6]	李娜, 李清顺, 李宏韬. 祁连山国家公园青海片区森林植被碳储量与碳汇价值研究[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2021, 41(2):41-46.
[7]	程鹏, 孔祥伟, 罗汉, 等. 近60 a以来祁连山中部气候变化及其径流响应研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(5):1192-1201.
[8]	宋洁, 刘学录. 祁连山国家公园森林地上碳密度遥感估算[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4):1045-1057.
[9]	邓喆, 丁文广, 蒲晓婷, 等. 基于InVEST模型的祁连山国家公园碳储量时空分布研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2022, 42(3):324-396.
[10]	张卓. 祁连山南坡生态系统碳源/汇特征及碳库影响因素研究[D]. 西宁: 青海师范大学, 2022.
[11]	PAN Fujing, ZHANG Wei, LIU Shujuan, et al. Leaf N:P stoichiometry across plant functional groups in the karst region of southwestern China[J]. Trees, 2015, 29(3):883-892.
[12]	李菲, 李娟, 龙健, 等. 典型喀斯特山区植被类型对土壤有机碳、氮的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(12):3374-3381.
[13]	廖洪凯, 龙健. 喀斯特山区不同植被类型土壤有机碳的变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(9):2253-2258.
[14]	张文河, 查向浩, 易海艳, 等. 不同植被类型土壤有机碳变化[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2015, 54(11):2594-2597.
[15]	LIU Hongxiang, WANG Delu, WANG Shouyu, et al. Changes of crop yields and soil fertility under long-term application of fertilizer and recycled nutrients in manure on a black soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 17(1):43-46.
[16]	丁越岿, 杨劼, 宋炳煜, 等. 不同植被类型对毛乌素沙地土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2):18-25.
[17]	赵元, 张伟, 胡培雷, 等. 桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复方式下土壤有机碳组分变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(21):8535-8544.
[18]	HU Peilei, LIU Shujuan, YE Yingying, et al. Effects of environmental factors on soil organic carbon under natural or managed vegetation restoration[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2018, 29(3):387-397.
[19]	王进, 刘子琦, 张国, 等. 石漠化区林草恢复与传统农耕对土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(11):133-143. doi: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0593
[20]	张智勇, 王瑜, 艾宁, 等. 陕北黄土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(11):56-63.
[21]	赵俊勇, 孙向阳, 李素艳, 等. 辽宁省老秃顶子不同林分类型土壤有机碳储量和碳氮垂直分布特征[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2016, 44(10):65-68.
[22]	袁海伟, 苏以荣, 郑华, 等. 喀斯特峰丛洼地不同土地利用类型土壤有机碳和氮素分布特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(10):1579-1584.
[23]	张文敏, 吴明, 王蒙, 等. 杭州湾湿地不同植被类型下土壤有机碳及其组分分布特征[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(6):1351-1360.
[24]	马素辉, 牟翠翠, 郭红, 等. 祁连山黑河上游多年冻土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳密度分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3):426-433. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0048
[25]	SHI Yue, BAUMANN F, MA Yaoming, et al. Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands:pattern,control and implications[J]. Biogeosciences, 2012, 9(6):2287-2299.
[26]	SCHIMEL D S, BRASWELL B H, HOLLAND E A, et al. Climatic,edaphic, and biotic controls over storage and turnover of carbon in soils[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1994, 8(3):279-293.
[27]	杨昊天, 王增如, 贾荣亮. 腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠草地不同群落类型土壤有机碳分布及储量特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(3):288-296. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0068

样地类型	地理坐标	海拔/m	盖度/%	主要植物
青海云杉	36°55'11″N,102°35'10″E	3 169	85	蕨麻(Potentilla anserina)、蒲公英(T.mongolicum)、高山绣线菊(Spiraea alpina)、小叶金露梅(Potentilla parvifolia)等
祁连圆柏	36°56'32″N,102°36'19″E	2 484	75	忍冬(Lonicera japonica)、小叶金露梅(Potentilla parvifolia)、珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)等
落叶松	37°03'30″N,102°45'50″E	2 460	80	早熟禾(P.annua)、肉果草(L.tibetica)、蒲公英(T.mongolicum)等
灌木	37°03'38″N,102°46'06″E	3 168	65	高山绣线菊(S.alpina)、狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla)、银露梅(Potentilla glabra)等
草地	37°00'54″N,102°47'36″E	2 994	70	蒲公英(T.mongolicum)、早熟禾(P.annua)、肉果草(L.tibetica)等
退耕地	36°56'12″N,102°43'06″E	2 792	50	华扁穗草(Blysmus sinocompressus)、珠芽蓼(P.viviparum)、早熟禾(P.annua)等

土壤深度/cm	青海云杉	祁连圆柏	落叶松	灌木	草地	退耕地
0~<5	10.43±2.62a	10.46±2.03a	7.39±1.52b	5.44±1.05c	5.02±0.09c	2.19±0.52d
5~<20	8.27±1.87a	9.95±1.47a	5.44±1.09b	2.22±0.81c	2.41±0.14c	2.07±0.88c
20~<40	5.97±1.02a	5.50±1.05a	1.90±0.22b	1.09±0.13bc	1.03±0.22bc	0.92±0.44c
40~<60	4.55±0.81a	3.85±0.14a	1.40±0.15b	1.06±0.34bc	0.82±0.23c	0.65±0.08c
60~<80	3.43±0.94a	2.04±0.22a	0.76±0.16b	0.75±0.22b	0.45±0.89b	0.51±0.23b
80~100	3.31±1.01a	1.79±0.08a	0.59±0.19b	0.45±0.04b	0.26±0.07b	0.62±0.21b
均值	5.99	5.59	2.91	1.83	1.66	1.16
变异系数/%	22.99	14.85	19.05	23.52	27.33	33.90

土壤深度/cm	青海云杉	祁连圆柏	落叶松	灌木	草地	退耕地
0~<5	14.89±4.21a	11.63±2.05a	11.35±1.01a	10.53±1.95a	10.77±1.12a	11.87±1.08a
5~<20	14.37±4.08a	10.62±1.14a	11.27±1.88a	9.88±2.63a	11.29±1.87a	11.43±0.95a
20~<40	15.73±5.24a	10.64±0.71a	10.40±3.91a	10.32±2.04a	12.82±1.06a	11.15±2.05a
40~<60	15.18±3.47a	9.43±0.42b	9.30±1.11b	12.39±2.08ab	12.15±1.17ab	11.60±1.14ab
60~<80	14.91±2.17a	9.94±2.06b	11.37±1.18ab	12.24±1.13ab	11.23±0.09ab	12.03±1.56ab
80~100	14.66±2.48a	11.52±1.86ab	10.45±0.78ab	9.60±1.79b	11.69±0.86ab	11.17±0.69ab
均值	14.96	10.63	10.69	10.83	11.66	11.54
变异系数/%	24.14	13.21	15.41	17.91	15.86	3.12

理化因子	土壤有机碳
理化因子	青海云杉	祁连圆柏	落叶松	灌木	草地	退耕地
pH	-0.513^*	-0.595^*	-0.608^*	0.583^*	-0.507	-0.552^*
电导率	0.586^*	0.105	-0.119	0.538^*	0.251	0.106
黏粒	0.787^**	0.795^**	0.706^**	0.868^**	0.589^*	0.553^*
粉粒	0.502^*	0.536^*	0.618^*	0.519^*	0.549^*	0.602^*
砂粒	-0.653^*	-0.661^*	-0.582^*	-0.870^**	-0.744^**	-0.613^*
全氮	0.874^**	0.923^**	0.983^**	0.979^**	0.991^**	0.751^**
全磷	0.852^**	0.798^**	0.730^**	0.612^*	0.963^**	0.823^**
全钾	-0.144	-0.126	-0.583^*	-0.224	-0.280	-0.223