华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解特征及土壤养分动态

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2018.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用分解袋法,在室内设置华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)和白桦(Betula platyphylla)叶凋落物混合分解试验,按照不同质量混合比例设置了5种处理,即纯华北落叶松、纯白桦、落桦(1∶1)、落桦(2∶1)、落桦(3∶1)。结果表明:白桦叶凋落物分解速率明显高于纯华北落叶松,华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解可以促进华北落叶松叶凋落物的分解,且随着白桦叶凋落物比例的增加,促进作用越来越明显;叶凋落物分解过程中,N,P浓度呈上升趋势,K,C浓度和C/N比呈下降趋势;纯白桦叶凋落物N,K,C释放率大于纯华北落叶松,华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解可以促进华北落叶松叶凋落物中N,K,C的释放,对P的释放有一定的抑制作用;叶凋落物分解可以改善土壤pH和养分含量,土壤的pH、有机质、速效N,P,K均有所提高。总体来看,华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解对改善土壤养分比纯华北落叶松叶凋落物单独分解效果要好。

关键词: 华北落叶松, 白桦, 叶凋落物, 室内分解, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Mesh nylonbag method was used to set up indoor mixed litter decomposition tests of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla.Five mixture proportions treatments were set up:pure Larixprincipis-rupprechtii litter,pure Betula platyphylla litter,50% Larixprincipis-rupprechtii litter mixed with 50% Betula platyphylla,66.7% Larixprincipis-rupprechtii litter mixed with 33.3% Betula platyphylla,and 75% Larixprincipis-rupprechtii litter mixed with 25%Betula platyphylla.The results showed that:the litter decomposition rate of Betula platyphylla was significantly higher than that of pure Larixprincipis-rupprechtii,the admixture of Betula platyphylla leaf litter could promote Larixprincipis-rupprechtii litter decomposition,the effect was more obvious as the proportion of Betula platyphylla leaf litter increased;during the whole decomposition process,N and P contents in leaf litter showed an increase tendency,while K,C contentsand C/N ratio presented an opposite tendency;the pure Betula platyphyllalitter release rates of N,K and C were greater than that of pure Larixprincipis-rupprechtii,the admixture of Betula platyphylla leaf litter could promote Larixprincipis-rupprechtii litter release of N,K and C,while the release rate of P was inhibited;leaf litter decomposition can improve soil pH and nutrient content.Soil pH,organic matter,available N,P,K were increased.Overall,mixed litter decomposition of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla can improve the soil nutrient better than the single litter decomposition of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii.

Key words: Larixprincipis-rupprechtii, Betula platyphylla, leaf litter, indoor decomposition, soi lnutrient

中图分类号:

S714.5

贺红月, 马长明, 牟洪香, 单媛媛. 华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解特征及土壤养分动态[J]. 林业资源管理, 2018,(3): 93-100.

HE Hongyue, MA Changming, MU Hongxiang, SHAN Yuanyuan. The Decomposition Characteristics and Soil Nutrient Dynamics of Leaf Litter Mixture of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2018,(3): 93-100.

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处理	分解天数/d
处理	90	150	210
纯华北落叶松	13.195±0.425b	20.190±0.467c	23.940±0.311e
纯白桦	18.430±0.518a	29.350±0.353a	38.740±0.293a
落桦(1:1)	12.566±0.405b	22.754±0.502b	29.834±0.302b
落桦(2:1)	13.850±0.131b	22.852±0.336b	28.020±0.082c
落桦(3:1)	12.685±0.399b	21.952±0.274b	26.554±0.403d

处理	回归方程	R²	k	半衰期/a	周转期/a
纯华北落叶松	y=0.955e^-0.401^t	0.965	0.401	1.61	7.36
纯白桦	y=1.014e^0.867^t	0.995	0.867	0.82	3.47
落桦(1:1)	y=1.030e^-0.667^t	0.990	0.667	1.08	4.54
落桦(2:1)	y=0.982e^-0.546^t	0.984	0.546	1.24	5.45
落桦(3:1)	y=0.988e^-0526^t	0.969	0.526	1.29	5.67

处理	分解时间 /d	释放率/%
处理	分解时间 /d	N	P	K	C
纯华北落叶松	0	0	0	0	0
	90	-12.053	2.266	12.973	22.812
	150	-4.704	-0.336	23.386	36.090
	210	-1.781	-16.246	29.753	41.958
纯白桦	0	0	0	0	0
	90	-1.310	-46.689	25.880	27.271
	150	8.813	-68.357	38.203	41.398
	210	21.130	-39.571	49.158	50.999
落桦 (1:1)	0	0	0	0	0
	90	-8.699	-20.352	26.316	27.502
	150	1.368	-24.382	37.390	35.217
	210	8.924	-14.152	45.795	46.691
落桦 (2:1)	0	0	0	0	0
	90	10.914	-27.306	16.372	26.514
	150	10.978	-34.897	28.834	36.508
	210	13.300	-37.015	36.917	48.323
落桦 (3:1)	0	0	0	0	0
	90	5.552	-17.377	21.951	23.336
	150	8.146	-20.626	37.425	41.435
	210	9.627	-21.305	40.366	47.490

处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全N/(g/kg)	全P/(g/kg)	全K/(g/kg)	碱解N/(mg/kg)	速效P/(mg/kg)	速效K/(mg/kg)
对照	5.63±0.012d	72.126±0.389c	3.351±0.030c	0.781±0.004a	12.515±0.287a	116.532±2.506d	11.339±0.139d	213.864±0.825e
纯华北落叶松	5.72±0.057c	74.108±0.401bc	3.368±0.019bc	0.783±0.002a	12.917±0.507a	120.042±1.683cd	14.795±0.645bc	250.481±0.602b
纯白桦	6.04±0.012a	79.024±0.583a	3.505±0.019a	0.802±0.004a	13.563±0.279a	142.561±1.552a	17.073±0.937a	263.067±0.944a
落桦(1:1)	5.87±0.006b	76.107±0.845b	3.391±0.019bc	0.794±0.003a	12.939±0.072a	131.447±0.122b	14.043±0.141c	250.070±0.405b
落桦(2:1)	5.84±0.006b	79.020±1.026a	3.425±0.020b	0.788±0.006a	13.594±1.021a	123.968±0.922c	16.328±0.232ab	234.106±0.689d
落桦(3:1)	5.96±0.009a	75.658±0.174b	3.370±0.018bc	0.781±0.012a	12.572±0.040a	121.132±0.973cd	14.731±0.143bc	244.901±1.293c