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林业资源管理 ›› 2019›› Issue (2): 7-14.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.002

• 综合管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国森林火灾发生特征及其与主要气候因子的关系研究

杜建华1(), 宫殷婷2(), 蒋丽伟2   

  1. 1.应急管理部森林防火预警监测信息中心,北京 100714
    2.国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京 100714
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-09 修回日期:2019-03-19 出版日期:2019-04-28 发布日期:2020-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 宫殷婷
  • 作者简介:杜建华(1976-),男,河北武邑人,工程师,硕士,主要从事森林防火相关方面的研究工作。Email: dujh@chinasafety.gov.cn

Study on the Characteristics of Forest Fires in China and Their Relationship with Major Climatic Factors

DU Jianhua1(), GONG Yinting2(), JIANG Liwei2   

  1. 1. Forest Fire Prevention and Monitoring Information Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
    2. Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning,State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
  • Received:2019-01-09 Revised:2019-03-19 Online:2019-04-28 Published:2020-09-22
  • Contact: GONG Yinting

摘要:

基于火灾年鉴数据及CRU格点气象资料,借助时间序列、皮尔逊相关分析及线性回归分析等方法,分析了我国1950—2017年期间森林火灾发生的特征及其气候驱动因子,并建立了火灾导致伤亡人数的预测模型。结果表明:1)森林火灾发生次数、森林受灾面积、受伤人数、死亡人数及伤亡人数等5个参数随时间均具有相似的变化趋势,且相互间均存在显著正相关(P<0.01)。2)1950年以来,全国森林火灾次数、受灾森林面积及伤亡人数均呈显著的下降趋势。3)1950—1987年期间,全国森林火灾发生次数与生长季降水呈正相关,与非生长季降水则呈负相关;1988年以后,除5月和9月外,森林火灾的发生与降水基本呈负相关关系。4)1950—1987年间,全国森林火灾发生次数与生长季末温度呈正相关;1988年以后,森林火灾发生次数与前1年及当年生长季或生长季前的均温、最高温及最低温呈负相关。5)1950—1987年间全国森林火灾发生次数与前1年的PDSI呈正相关,并在6月、9月、11月和12月达到显著水平;1988年以后,森林火灾发生次数与逐月PDSI呈负相关关系。可燃物数量及其含水率是决定林火发生的关键因子,特别是在气候变暖背景下,高温触发的“暖干旱”现象可能会改变传统认为的火灾-气候关系,因此未来需要进一步深入研究气候变暖背景下森林火灾发生规律及其影响因素,才能科学合理地做好林火预防与管理工作。

关键词: 森林火灾, 气候因子, 火灾驱动, 科学防控, 经济损失

Abstract:

Based on the fire data and CRU grid meteorological data,the time characteristics,Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis are used to comprehensively analyze the time characteristics of the 1950-2017 forest fires and their climate driving factors.A fire casualty prediction model is established.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation among the number of forest fires,the area of forest damage,injury,death and casualties,with similar changes or linear trends.Since 1950,the number of forest fires,forest area and casualties in the country have shown a significant downward trend;After 1988,the fires are relatively small,which may be related to the fire cycle,global climate change and the national fire prevention after the “5-6” devastating fire.Policy changes are closely related.The number of forest fires in China during the period from 1950 to 1987 was positively correlated with the precipitation in the growing season,and the precipitation in the non-growth season was negatively correlated.After 1988,except for the precipitation in May and September,the occurrence of forest fires was basically negatively correlated with the precipitation.The number of forest fires in the country between 1950 and 1987 was positively correlated with the temperature at the end of the growing season.After 1988,the number of forest fires was negatively correlated with the average temperature,high temperature and low temperature of the previous year and the growing season or growing season.The reduction in combustibles caused by the negative effects can be the reason for explaining the negative correlation between temperature and the number of forest fires.The number of forest fires in the country between 1950 and 1987 was positively correlated with PDSI in the previous year and reached significant levels in June,September,November and December.After 1988,the number of forest fires was negatively correlated with monthly PDSI.In the context of climate warming,the trade-off between the amount of combustibles and the moisture content is the key to the occurrence of a forest fire.The change in fire prevention policies and the “warm-dry” phenomenon triggered by high temperatures may change or challenge traditional fire-climate laws.With the duality of the impact of fires on the forest,while at the same time of fire prevention,we must increase the study of forest fires,and scientifically and rationally manage forest fires.

Key words: forest fire, climate factor, scientific prevention and control, economic loss

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