基于GIS和模糊层次分析法的观景点分布区评筛——以株洲九郎山山地公园为例

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在风景规划中,为对潜在观景点分布区进行有针对性的踏查,提出一种新的量化评筛方法。通过GIS和模糊层次分析法,建立观景点分布区评价体系,通过局部踏查为筛选提供筛选阈值,并在九郎山山地公园进行了案例检验,构建了包括视距适宜性、视域开阔性、驻留适宜性、交通可达性4项基本指标的观景点分布适宜性评价体系。经专家咨询、模糊层次分析法分析,得出视距适宜性、视域开阔性、驻留适宜性、交通可达性相对于观景点分布适宜性的重要度为0.331,0.323,0.161,0.185;基于GIS和模糊层次分析法,完成了九郎山山地公园观景点分布适宜性综合评价,得到评价值区间在0.02~0.74之间;根据局部踏查结果确定适宜观景点16个,在观景点分布适宜性评价中,这16点的评价值,其极小值为0.40,第一四分位数为0.43,均值为0.48±0.06,中位数为0.50。当设置筛选阈值分别取0.4,0.43,0.48,0.50时,潜在观景点分布区面积占研究区总面积的分别为16.9%,8.9%,3.6%,2.3%。对筛选结果进行检验,80.0%的点落在筛选得到的适宜范围内,本方法基本实现了对潜在观景点分布区的评筛。

关键词: 观景点分布区, 评筛, GIS, 模糊层次分析法, 九郎山

Abstract:

This paper aims to realize the targeted investigation of distribution area of potential scenic view-point in landscape planning,and a new quantitative evaluate and screen method is proposed.By using GIS and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,the evaluation system of distribution area of potential scenic view-point was established,and the screening threshold value was provided by local investigation,and the case test was carried out in Jiulangshan mountain park.An evaluation system of Suitability of distribution of scenic view-point,including the suitability of distance between view-point and scene,suitability of view-able area size,residence suitability and traffic accessibility is constructed.The result shows that :after expert consultation and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process analysis,the importance degrees of suitability of distance between view-point and scene,suitability of view-able area size,residence suitability and the traffic accessibility are 0.331,0.323,0.161 and 0.185.Based on GIS and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,the suitability evaluating of the distribution of scenic view-point in Jiulangshan mountain park was completed,and result shows that the evaluate value ranging from 0.02 to 0.74.According to the local investigation results,a total of 16 suitable view-point were identified.According to the value of the 16 scenic view-point in the previous evaluation,the minimum value,the first quartile,the mean value and the median value is 0.40,0.43,0.48±0.06,0.50.When the screening thresholds were set as 0.4,0.43,0.48 and 0.50,respectively,the distribution area of potential scenic view-point accounts for 16.9%,8.9%,3.6% and 2.3% of the total research area.The screening results were tested,and 80.0% of the points were within the appropriate range obtained by screening.The evaluating and screening of distribution area of potential scenic view-point are basically realized.

Key words: distribution area of scenic view-point, evaluating and screening, GIS, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, Jiulangshan

中图分类号:

肖志鹏, 刘破浪, 刘晔, 胡芳文, 彭怀贞, 张子妍, 高萍. 基于GIS和模糊层次分析法的观景点分布区评筛——以株洲九郎山山地公园为例[J]. 林业资源管理, 2020,(1): 158-165.

Zhipeng XIAO, Polang LIU, Ye LIU, Fangwen HU, Huaizhen PENG, Ziyan ZHANG, Ping GAO. Evaluation and Selection of Potential Scenic View-point Distribution Areas Based on GIS and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process —An Example from Jiulangshan Mountain Park in Zhuzhou[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2020,(1): 158-165.

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景物类别	性质
远距离观赏景物	对象在全区域多数地区可通视,是统摄性的,或本底性质的景物。如突出周边环境且高大的山峦,通常适合在远距离观赏,近距离上难以取得最佳效果。
中距离观赏景物	局部区域可见,其他区域不可见,并在可见区起统摄作用与视线焦点作用的景物。如具有观赏价值的建筑群体,一定面积的水库、池塘,常在中等距离观赏取得最佳效果,或在中等距离观赏取得最佳效果,且有时在近距离取得与中等距离相近效果,而在较远距离上效果较中、近距离差。

三角模糊数	视距适宜性	视域开阔性	驻留适宜性	交通可达性
视距适宜性	(0.5,0.5,0.5)	(0.4,0.5,0.6)	(0.7,0.8,0.9)	(0.6,0.7,0.9)
视域开阔性	(0.4,0.5,0.6)	(0.5,0.5,0.5)	(0.7,0.8,0.9)	(0.6,0.7,0.8)
驻留适宜性	(0.1,0.2,0.3)	(0.1,0.2,0.3)	(0.5,0.5,0.5)	(0.4,0.5,0.6)
交通可达性	(0.1,0.3,0.4)	(0.2,0.3,0.4)	(0.6,0.5,0.4)	(0.5,0.5,0.5)

观景点	评价值	观景点	评价值	观景点	评价值	观景点	评价值
A1	0.5	A5	0.41	A9	0.51	A13	0.56
A2	0.44	A6	0.4	A10	0.41	A14	0.55
A3	0.5	A7	0.51	A11	0.45	A15	0.52
A4	0.4	A8	0.54	A12	0.52	A16	0.46