贵州威宁草海不同土地利用类型土壤理化性质研究

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨贵州威宁草海在不同土地资源利用方式下土壤理化性质的差异,选择草海流域6种不同土地利用类型(草地、耕地、茶叶林、杉木林、滇杨林、针阔混交林)的不同土层(0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm)土壤为研究对象,分别对土壤物理性质及养分含量进行测定与分析,探究土地资源利用方式差异对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:1)草海流域土壤全量养分及有机碳含量处于全国的中低水平,速效养分含量表现为N低P高K中等,土壤养分含量不均衡,且主要受限于N元素。2)土地利用方式的不同导致土壤结构及养分含量具有一定差异,草地的土壤容重均值最大,针阔混交林最小;滇杨林的土壤孔性最好,草地和耕地最差;茶叶林的全量养分含量均高于其他立地土壤,针阔混交林的有机碳、有效磷及速效钾的平均含量最高,草地的碱解氮含量最高。3)Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳含量与土壤物理结构及N,P,K元素含量均具有不同程度的相关性,表明有机质的添加有利于改良土壤理化性质。4)从土壤质量恢复的角度看,乔、灌木林分有利于提高土壤质量。

关键词: 贵州草海, 土地利用方式, 物理性质, 养分

Abstract:

In order to explore the differences in physiochemical properties of soil of different land resource utilization modes in Chaohai,Weining in Guizhou Province,the soils in different soil layers(0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm) under six different land use types(grassland,farmland,Camellia sinensis shrub,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,Populus yunnanensis forest and conifer-broadleaf forest) were chosen as the research objects.The effects of different land use types on soil quality were studied by measuring and analyzing physical structure and nutrient content of soil.The results showed that:1) The total nutrient and organic carbon contents of soil in Caohai watershed were at a medium-low level in China,the available nutrient contents were low in nitrogen,high in phosphorus,and medium in potassium,the soil nutrient contents were unbalanced and mainly limited by nitrogen.2) The structure and nutrient content of soil were different due to different land use patterns.The average soil bulk density of the grassland was the largest and the conifer-broadleaf forest was the smallest.The porosity of Populus yunnanensis forest was the largest and that of grassland and farmland was the smallest.The total nutrient content of Camellia sinensis shrub was higher than that of other sites soil,the soil organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium content of conifer and broadleaf mixed forest was the highest,the content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in grassland was the highest.3) The organic carbon content of soil was related to the physical structure and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium soil on the basis of Pearson coefficients analysis,indicating that the addition of organic matter is conducive to improving soil physical and chemical properties.4) From the perspective of soil quality recovery,the arbor and shrub stands are beneficial to improve soil quality.

Key words: Caohai of Guizhou province, land use pattern, physical properties, nutrient

中图分类号:

S714.2

侯春兰, 杨瑞, 杨宝勇, 刘志, 瞿爽, 吴佳伟. 贵州威宁草海不同土地利用类型土壤理化性质研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2020,(5): 138-143.

HOU Chunlan, YANG Rui, YANG Baoyong, LIU Zhi, QU Shuang, WU Jiawei. Study on Physiochemical Properties of Soil of Different Land Use Types in Caohai,Weining of Guizhou Province[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2020,(5): 138-143.

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

不同土地利用类型土壤的养分含量

土层深度	立地类型	有机碳 g/kg	全氮 g/kg	全磷 g/kg	全钾 g/kg	碱解氮 mg/kg	有效磷 mg/kg	速效钾 mg/kg
0~20cm	G	12.71±0.82b	0.18±0.00d	0.49±0.02ab	14.87±0.25a	66.33±2.03b	37.93±2.20d	110.03±6.76d
	F	15.00±0.87b	0.57±0.01c	0.20±0.00c	13.05±0.09a	35.00±4.04c	65.44±0.59c	64.26±3.76e
	C	11.89±0.92b	1.30±0.05a	0.60±0.02a	15.81±0.71a	30.67±2.96c	124.10±4.92b	176.28±8.50b
	CL	14.35±0.66b	0.91±0.09b	0.58±0.07a	8.03±0.07b	84.67±5.81a	22.15±1.29d	179.79±16.57b
	PY	13.85±1.24b	0.55±0.01c	0.44±0.01b	14.33±3.17a	37.67±2.73c	19.64±1.42d	142.65±8.50c
	CB	18.44±1.34a	0.50±0.02c	0.51±0.05ab	12.58±0.80a	40.33±0.67c	196.70±16.65a	247.76±12.79a
	CV/%	18.07	55.44	31.25	24.91	42.34	85.74	40.00
20~40cm	G	11.73±0.36b	0.12±0.00d	0.33±0.07b	13.28±0.15ab	52.33±2.73a	26.92±1.77c	78.83±0.60cd
	F	6.33±1.00c	0.21±0.01cd	0.11±0.00c	15.65±0.52a	29.00±2.65bc	26.25±1.16c	68.99±3.07d
	C	7.66±0.15c	0.79±0.11a	0.56±0.03a	15.25±0.67a	23.67±2.03c	93.66±8.63b	127.23±2.80b
	CL	11.89±0.91b	0.23±0.01cd	0.45±0.08ab	4.10±0.19d	23.33±1.67c	20.97±1.56c	102.00±9.73c
	PY	6.53±0.62c	0.32±0.02bc	0.35±0.01b	6.63±0.19c	35.33±3.48b	17.42±0.44c	83.79±11.12cd
	CB	15.47±0.26a	0.41±0.06b	0.32±0.04b	12.02±0.60b	36.00±5.29b	135.83±14.27a	155.96±9.11a
	CV/%	35.96	67.99	44.76	40.34	33.57	88.72	32.02
40~60cm	G	10.78±0.42b	0.09±0.00c	0.16±0.06c	12.63±0.20ab	38.00±2.08a	19.57±3.34bc	47.79±3.36c
	F	4.54±1.28d	0.13±0.00c	0.11±0.00c	12.90±0.83a	26.00±1.73b	14.23±2.31c	63.32±0.95bc
	C	8.06±0.79c	0.25±0.03b	0.46±0.02a	12.90±1.18a	16.00±1.00c	64.85±5.00a	95.70±13.42a
	CL	6.29±0.50cd	0.13±0.01c	0.31±0.01b	3.33±0.12d	17.67±1.45c	18.60±0.97bc	85.19±9.19ab
	PY	12.02±0.74b	0.39±0.03a	0.31±0.03b	5.86±0.21c	17.33±0.67c	16.68±0.64bc	84.30±3.41ab
	CB	16.27±0.70a	0.28±0.06b	0.28±0.04b	10.76±0.51b	35.67±1.67a	28.65±7.20b	106.91±5.29a
	CV/%	43.06	55.40	45.99	41.05	37.58	69.68	28.39

表3

表4

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土地利用类型	主要植被	群落起源	海拔/m	群落平均高度/m	土壤类型
草地	白茅Imperata cylindrica 蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum	天然	2215	0.2	黄壤
耕地	玉米Zea mays 阳芋Solanum tuberosum	人工	2183	1.8	黄壤
茶叶林	茶树Camellia sinensis 桃Amygdalus persica 苹果Malus pumila	人工	2258	0.5	黄壤
杉木林	杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	人工	2172	16	棕壤
滇杨林	滇杨Populus yunnanensis	人工	2178	15	棕壤
针阔混交林	栾树Koelreuteria paniculata 滇杨Populus yunnanensis 柏木Cupressus funebris	人工	2185	10	棕壤

土层深度	立地类型	容重g/cm³	总孔隙度/%	毛管孔隙度/%	非毛管孔隙度/%
0~20cm	G	1.28±0.05a	42.33±4.53c	41.26±4.73b	1.07±0.39b
	F	0.93±0.03c	42.82±5.10c	41.37±5.25b	1.45±0.37b
	C	1.29±0.08a	45.21±3.24bc	43.84±3.49ab	1.37±0.51b
	CL	1.07±0.07b	48.24±3.82abc	47.25±3.92a	0.99±0.28b
	PY	1.24±0.05a	51.06±3.40ab	47.97±2.66a	3.09±1.83a
	CB	1.12±0.03b	51.59±5.06a	49.29±4.13a	2.30±1.24ab
	CV/%	11.59	11.37	10.77	68.35
20~40cm	G	1.45±0.06a	37.02±5.68cd	35.91±5.82bc	1.11±0.70b
	F	1.20±0.05c	40.80±4.11c	40.00±3.80b	0.79±0.31b
	C	1.30±0.04b	42.17±1.59c	41.01±2.26b	1.16±0.98b
	CL	1.44±0.08a	33.60±5.71d	32.81±5.67c	0.79±0.17b
	PY	1.29±0.08b	55.87±4.87a	53.13±5.25a	2.74±1.10a
	CB	1.17±0.03c	49.77±2.47b	47.86±2.54a	1.91±0.99ab
	CV/%	9.22	20.19	19.60	71.02
40~60cm	G	1.47±0.23a	33.06±8.49bc	32.27±8.48b	0.78±0.41cd
	F	1.38±0.02a	31.60±3.04c	31.09±3.08b	0.51±0.06d
	C	1.19±0.05b	38.52±0.68b	36.30±1.56b	2.21±1.21b
	CL	1.40±0.09a	36.88±3.56bc	35.68±3.16b	1.20±0.48cd
	PY	1.09±0.06b	53.71±1.62a	49.23±1.40a	4.48±0.38a
	CB	1.16±0.03b	51.78±1.67a	50.20±1.71a	1.58±0.25bc
	CV/%	13.82	22.93	21.77	77.17

理化性质	有机碳	全氮	全磷	全钾	碱解氮	有效磷	速效钾
有机碳	1	0.274^*	0.262	0.085	0.385^**	0.429^**	0.562^**
全氮	0.274^*	1	0.597^**	0.238	0.202	0.453^**	0.594^**
全磷	0.262	0.597^**	1	0.011	0.271^*	0.417^**	0.644^**
全钾	0.085	0.238	0.011	1	0.135	0.346^*	0.149
碱解氮	0.385^**	0.202	0.271^*	0.135	1	-0.044	0.313^*
有效磷	0.429^**	0.453^**	0.417^**	0.346^*	-0.044	1	0.714^**
速效钾	0.562^**	0.594^**	0.644^**	0.149	0.313^*	0.714^**	1
容重	-0.454^**	-0.314^*	-0.011	-0.137	-0.185	-0.255	-0.193
总孔隙度	0.427^**	0.316^*	0.242	-0.023	0.156	0.191	0.381^**
毛管孔隙度	0.418^**	0.322^*	0.254	0.012	0.199	0.193	0.387^**
非毛管孔隙度	0.286^*	0.133	0.047	-0.234	-0.195	0.086	0.159