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林业资源管理 ›› 2021›› Issue (4): 1-8.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.04.001

• 综合管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

国家公园体制引领生物多样性主流化

唐小平1,2()   

  1. 1.国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京 100714
    2.国家林业和草原局国家公园监测评估研究中心,北京 100714
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-20 修回日期:2020-06-28 出版日期:2021-08-28 发布日期:2021-09-26
  • 作者简介:唐小平(1963-),男,湖南津市人,教授级高工,博士,长期从事森林经理、保护生物学等理论及技术研究和实践工作。Email: tang8043@126.com

National Park System Leads the Mainstreaming of Biodiversity

TANG Xiaoping1,2()   

  1. 1. Academy of Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
    2. National Park Monitoring,Evaluation and Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
  • Received:2020-06-20 Revised:2020-06-28 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-09-26

摘要:

生物多样性主流化是最有效的生物多样性保护与可持续利用措施之一。我国在生物多样性就地保护、政策立法、执法监管等方面取得了长足进展,但还没有根本遏制生物多样性总体下降趋势,主要是因为我国生物多样性还没有完全主流化,在法律、经济、机制、技术和市场等方面都有待加强。建立国家公园体制就是创新我国的自然生态保护制度,包括建立统一规范高效的自然保护地管理体制,构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,建立自然生态系统完整性原真性保护的新机制新模式。在我国建立国家公园体制,有利于《生物多样性公约》确立的保护生物多样性、促进生物多样性组成成分可持续利用、以公平合理方式共享遗传资源商业利益的三大目标在更广泛领域得以实现。从已经开展的国家公园体制试点看,10个试点区有效引领了我国生物多样性保护的主流化进程。为此,应加快建立国家公园体制,从法律、制度、机制等给予保障,在坚守生态安全边界,以及生态治理、生态补偿、生态产品价值实现途径等方面形成生物多样性主流化的长效机制。

关键词: 生物多样性, 生物多样性主流化, 国家公园, 国家公园体制, 自然保护地

Abstract:

Mainstreaming of biodiversity is one of the most effective measures for biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization.China has made great progress in the areas of in-situ biodiversity conservation,policy legislation,law enforcement and supervision,but it has not fundamentally contained the overall decline of biodiversity,mainly because biodiversity of China has not yet been fully mainstreamed,especially in the aspects of laws,economy,mechanism,technology and market,etc,which all need to be strengthened.Establishing a national park system is to innovate China’s natural ecological conservation system,including the establishment of a unified,standardized and efficient natural protected area management system,building the natural protected area system with national park as the main body,and the establishment of a new mechanism for the conservation of integrity and authenticity of the natural ecosystem.The establishment of a national park system in China is conducive to achieve the three major goals defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity,including protecting biodiversity,promoting the sustainable utilization of biodiversity components,and sharing the commercial benefits of genetic resources in a fair and reasonable manner.Judging from the national park system pilots that have been carried out,the 10 pilot sites have effectively led the mainstreaming process of biodiversity conservation in China.To this end,it is necessary to accelerate the establishment of a national park system,provide safeguard in laws,systems,and mechanisms,and form a long-term mechanism for mainstreaming biodiversity in terms of maintaining the boundaries of ecological security,as well as ecological governance,ecological compensation,and realizing the value of ecological products.

Key words: biodiversity, mainstreaming of biodiversity, national park, national park system, natural protected area

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