藏东南华山松林下灌草主要植物的生态位特征

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.012

林业资源管理 ›› 2021›› Issue (6): 69-75.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2021.06.012

藏东南华山松林下灌草主要植物的生态位特征

姚慧芳(), 卢杰(), 屈兴乐, 王超, 张新生, 王建科

1.西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏林芝 860000
2.西藏高原森林生态教育部重点实验室,西藏林芝 860000
3.西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,西藏林芝 860000

收稿日期:2021-09-23 修回日期:2021-11-18 出版日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2022-01-12
通讯作者: 卢杰
作者简介:姚慧芳(1997-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布人,在读硕士,主要从事森林生态学方面的研究工作。Email: 2497587622@qq.com
基金资助:
科技部国家野外科学研究观测站(生态系统)运行补助项目“西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究”(2015-2020);研究生创新项目“藏东南华山松林优势植物空间格局及其关联性研究”(YJS2020-29)

Niche Characteristics of Main Shrub and Grass Plants under Pinus armandii Forest in Southeast Tibet

YAO Huifang(), LU Jie(), QU Xingle, WANG Chao, ZHANG Xinsheng, WANG Jianke

1. Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agricultural& Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China
2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau(Tibet Agricultural& Animal Husbandry University),Ministry of Education,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China
3. Linzhi National Forest Ecosystem Observation & Research Station of Tibet,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China

Received:2021-09-23 Revised:2021-11-18 Online:2021-12-28 Published:2022-01-12
Contact: LU Jie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在西藏林芝市选取以华山松为建群种或优势种群落设置样地开展调查,基于Levins生态位宽度、Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠度计算方法,对华山松林下灌草层主要植物进行计算,分析其生态位特征。结果表明:1)灌木层和草本层的主要植物分别为7种和12种,灌木层中小叶巧玲花的重要值最大,草本层中重要值最大的为西南草莓。2)灌木层中生态位宽度最大的物种是小叶巧玲花和陇塞忍冬,生态位宽度最小的是三桠乌药。草本层中Levins生态位宽度最大的是西南草莓、老鹳草、锦葵,Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度最大的是老鹳草和猪秧秧;最小的为桃儿七。3)灌木层重叠度最高的物种对是腺果大叶蔷薇和鲜黄小檗;重叠度最低的物种对是三桠乌药和腺果大叶蔷薇。草本层中生态位重叠度最高的物种对是高山露珠草和猪秧秧;重叠度最低的物种对是桃儿七和沿阶草。藏东南华山松林下草本层的竞争强度大于灌木层,群落物种对于资源的利用能力均较强,对华山松幼苗的生长发育产生一定影响,可在维持物种多样性的前提下优化幼苗的生长条件。

关键词: 生态位特征, 灌木层, 草本层, 华山松林, 藏东南

Abstract:

Sample plots with Pinus armandii as the constructive species or dominant species were selected for investigation in Nyingchi City,Tibet. Based on the calculation methods of Levins niche breadth,Shannon-Wiener niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap,the main plants in the shrub and grass layer under P. armandii forest were calculated and their niche characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) There were 7 species and 12 species of main plants in shrub layer and herb layer,respectively. In shrub layer,the important value of Syringa pubescens was the largest,and in herb layer,the important value of Fragaria moupinensis was the largest. 2) The species with the largest niche breadth in shrub layer were S. pubescens and Lonicera tangutica, and the smallest niche breadth was Lindera obtusiloba. In herb layer,the largest Levins niche breadth were F. moupinensis,Geranium wilfordii,and Malva sinensis, and the largest niche breadth of Shannon-Wiener were G. wilfordii and G. aparine var. Tenerum. The smallest was Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. 3) The species pairs with the highest overlap in shrub layer were Rosa macrophyllavar. Glandulifera and Berberis diaphana. The species pairs with the lowest degree of overlap were L. obtusiloba and R. macrophyllavar. Glandulifera.The species pairs with the highest niche overlap in the herb layer were Circaea alpina and G. aparine var. Tenerum,The species pairs with the lowest degree of overlap were S. hexandrum and Ophiopogon bodinieri. The competition intensity of herb layer was greater than shrub layer in P. armandii forest in southeast Tibet. The community species had strong utilization ability for resources,which had a certain impact on the growth and development of P. armandii seedlings. The growth conditions of seedlings could be optimized under the premise of maintaining species diversity.

Key words: niche characteristics, shrub layer, herb layer, Pinusarmandii forest, Southeast Tibet

中图分类号:

S718.5

姚慧芳, 卢杰, 屈兴乐, 王超, 张新生, 王建科. 藏东南华山松林下灌草主要植物的生态位特征[J]. 林业资源管理, 2021,(6): 69-75.

YAO Huifang, LU Jie, QU Xingle, WANG Chao, ZHANG Xinsheng, WANG Jianke. Niche Characteristics of Main Shrub and Grass Plants under Pinus armandii Forest in Southeast Tibet[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2021,(6): 69-75.

图/表 4

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表4

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编号	样点	经纬度	海拔/m	坡向	坡度/(°)	样地面积
a	波密岗乡自然保护区	29°53'8.54″N,95°37'22.75″E	2700	西北340°	10	100 m×100 m
b	嘎朗湖国家湿地公园	29°54'25.76″N,95°36'28.34″E	2820	西北332°	7	50 m×50 m
c	东久乡	29°56'51.11″N,94°47'47.88″E	2550	正北0°	21	50 m×50 m

层次	代号	物种	科	重要值	生态位宽度
层次	代号	物种	科	重要值	B _L	B _SW
灌木层		小叶巧玲花 Syringa pubescens	木犀科Oleaceae	6.24	0.8547	2.4331
		朱砂杜鹃 Rhododendron cinnabarinum	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	0.60	0.2079	1.0457
		防己叶菝葜 Smilax menispermoidea	百合科 Liliaceae	0.60	0.1637	0.8949
		陇塞忍冬 Lonicera tangutica	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	3.40	0.4808	1.8660
		三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	樟科 Lauraceae	0.21	0.1508	0.6813
		腺果大叶蔷薇 Rosa macrophylla var. glandulifera	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	0.53	0.1876	0.9864
		鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana	小檗科 Berberidaceae	1.56	0.3077	1.4799
草本层	1	车前草 Plantago depressa	车前科Plantaginaceae	1.78	0.3497	2.2503
	2	高山露珠草 Circaea alpina	柳叶菜科Onagraceae	4.21	0.5495	2.6871
	3	堇花唐松草 Thalictrum diffusiflorum	毛茛科Ranunculaceae	2.27	0.4274	2.4694
	4	锦葵 Malva sinensis	锦葵科Malvaceae	4.09	0.6410	2.7569
	5	老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii	牻牛儿苗科Geraniaceae	4.51	0.6410	2.8870
	6	萹蓄 Polygonum aviculare	蓼科Polygonaceae	0.75	0.1603	1.5141
	7	蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	蔷薇科Rosaceae	3.66	0.4274	2.3889
	8	桃儿七 Sinopodophyllum hexandrum	小檗科Berberidaceae	0.60	0.1603	1.2972
	9	西南草莓 Fragaria moupinensis	蔷薇科Rosaceae	4.87	0.6410	2.7560
	10	沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri	百合科Liliaceae	2.66	0.4808	2.5489
	11	异叶千里光 Senecio diversifolius	菊科Compositae	1.15	0.2564	1.9229
	12	猪殃殃 Galium aparine var. tenerum	茜草科Rubiaceae	3.64	0.6410	2.7587

物种	小叶巧玲花 Syringa pubescens	朱砂杜鹃 Rhododendron cinnabarinum	防己叶菝葜 Smilax menispermoidea	陇塞忍冬 Lonicera tangutica	三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	腺果大叶蔷薇 Rosa macrophylla var. glandulifera	鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana
小叶巧玲花 Syringa pubescens	1	0.9945	0.8486	0.9599	0.8722	0.9292	0.9474
朱砂杜鹃 Rhododendron cinnabarinum		1	0.9674	0.9695	0.9253	0.9620	0.9727
防己叶菝葜 Smilax menispermoidea			1	0.9393	0.7598	0.9705	0.9947
陇塞忍冬 Lonicera tangutica				1	0.8042	0.9996	0.9959
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba					1	0.7867	0.8120
腺果大叶蔷薇 Rosa macrophylla var. glandulifera						1	0.9996
鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana							1

物种序号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	0.9370	0.9898	0.9233	0.9326	0.8902	0.9492	0.9306	0.8913	0.9728	0.8719	0.9133
2		1	0.9618	0.9511	0.9854	0.9213	0.9728	0.9940	0.9695	0.9363	0.9842	0.9998
3			1	0.9854	0.9906	0.9867	0.9891	0.9942	0.9772	0.9713	0.9218	0.9735
4				1	0.9849	0.9474	0.9872	0.9549	0.9901	0.9622	0.9774	0.9855
5					1	0.9188	0.9903	0.9184	0.9872	0.9719	0.8998	0.9922
6						1	0.9461	0.9850	0.9710	0.8968	0.9737	0.9868
7							1	0.9839	0.9805	0.9868	0.9978	0.9840
8								1	0.8498	0.6062	0.9750	0.9598
9									1	0.9393	0.9907	0.9769
10										1	0.9578	0.9890
11											1	0.9813
12												1

藏东南华山松林下灌草主要植物的生态位特征

Niche Characteristics of Main Shrub and Grass Plants under Pinus armandii Forest in Southeast Tibet

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