哀牢山三种植被类型的土壤含水量和凋落物特征及其关系研究

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在云南省普洱市哀牢山自然保护区,选取中山湿性常绿阔叶林、山顶苔藓矮林和滇山杨次生林3种植被类型为研究对象,通过TDR时域反射仪测定10~50,70,90,110,130cm和150cm的土壤含水量,收集凋落物各组分干重(叶、枝、花果、树皮、苔藓地衣和其它凋落物),分析不同植被类型凋落物特征和土壤水分以及二者的关系。结果表明:1)土壤含水量,表现为中山湿性常绿阔叶林的>滇山杨次生林>山顶苔藓矮林;2)3种植被类型间凋落物除枝条和树皮干重外均具有显著性(P<0.05),且凋落物构成具有相似性,主要由枝和叶构成;3)中山湿性常绿阔叶林中,土壤含水量仅与叶干重呈现极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),山顶苔藓矮林中,土壤含水量除了与苔藓地衣干重负相关外,与其余指标均是正相关,滇山杨次生林中土壤含水量除与叶和苔藓地衣干重负相关外,与其余指标正相关。RDA分析结果表明,苔藓地衣、叶干重和其它凋落物干重对此3种植被的土壤含水量的影响大于花果、树皮和枯枝干重的;中山湿性常绿阔叶林的土壤含水量与凋落物总量之间的拟合效果最佳,为y=78.601x+35.374。常绿阔叶林的培育有利于哀牢山土壤水源涵养。

关键词: 土壤含水量, 植被类型, 凋落物

Abstract:

In the Ai-lao Mountain Nature Reserve,Pu'er City,Yunnan Province,this research selected three vegetation types as the objects,including mid-montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest,mountain top mossy coppiceforest and secondary forest of Populus Yunnanensis,and measured 10-50cm,70cm,90cm,110cm,130cm and 150cm soil moisture content by TDR time domain reflectometer,collected the dry weight of litter (leaf,branch,flower and fruit,bark,moss lichen and other litter) to analyze soil moisture and litter features of different vegetation types and the relationship between them. The results showed that: 1) The soil moisture,as a whole,was represented by the middle-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest>secondary forest of Populus Yunnanensis>mountain top mossy coppice forest. 2) Litter of 3 vegetation types,except for the dry weight of branches and bark,all had significant differences (P<0.05),and the composition of litter was similar,mainly composed of branches and leaves. 3) In the mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest,the soil water content only had a very significant positive correlation with the dry leaf weight (P<0.01);in the mountain top mossy coppice,the soil water content only had the negative correlation with the dry weight of moss lichen,and was positively correlated with other indicators;the soil water content in the secondary forest of Populus yunnanensis was negatively correlated with the dry weight of leaf and moss lichen,and positively correlated with the other indicators. RDA analysis results of moss lichen,leaf dry weight and other litter dry weights had greater influence on the soil moisture content of the three vegetation than the dry weight of flowers,fruits,bark and dead branches;in soil moisture content of mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest,the fitting effect with the total amount of litter was better than that of the other two,which was y=78.601x+35.374.The cultivation of evergreen broad-leaved forest is conducive to the conservation of soil water resources in the mountains.

Key words: soil water content, vegetation type, litter

中图分类号:

S715
S152.7

朱秀雯, 郭子豪, 杨双娜, 巩合德. 哀牢山三种植被类型的土壤含水量和凋落物特征及其关系研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2022,(1): 43-51.

ZHU Xiuwen, GUO Zihao, YANG Shuangna, GONG Hede. Study on the Characteristics and Relationship of Soil Moisture and Litter Fall of Three Vegetation Types in Ai-lao Mountain[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2022,(1): 43-51.

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植被类型	中山湿性常绿阔叶林	滇山杨次生林	山顶苔藓矮林
群落高度/m	20~25	15~20	3~10
群落优势种	木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)、黄心木(Machilus gamblei)、硬壳柯(Lithocarpus hancei)、赤柄紫茎(Stewartia pteropetiolata)等	滇山杨(Populus rotundifolia Griff.var.bonati)、硬壳柯等	石栎(Lithocarpus jingdongensis)、露珠杜鹃(Rhododendron irroratum)等
林龄	约300a	约100a	约200a
土壤类型	山地黄棕壤	山地黄棕壤	山地黄棕壤

指标		山顶矮林凋落物总干重	常绿阔叶林凋落物总干重	滇山杨次生林土壤含水量	滇山杨次生林凋落物总干重	常绿阔叶林土壤含水量	山顶苔藓矮林土壤含水量
山顶苔藓矮林凋落物总干重	R	1	-0.066	0.184	0.411^**	0.277^**	-0.044
山顶苔藓矮林凋落物总干重	P		0.455	0.122	0.000	0.001	0.618
常绿阔叶林凋落物总干重	R		1	-0.228	-0.088	0.169^*	0.128
常绿阔叶林凋落物总干重	P			0.054	0.464	0.048	0.142
滇山杨次生林土壤含水量	R			1	0.147	0.092	0.187
滇山杨次生林土壤含水量	P				0.217	0.442	0.116
滇山杨次生林凋落物总干重	R				1	0.151	0.024
滇山杨次生林凋落物总干重	P					0.206	0.838
常绿阔叶林土壤含水量	R					1	0.144
常绿阔叶林土壤含水量	P						0.099
山顶苔藓矮林土壤含水量	R						1