热岛效应视角下口袋公园对城市热环境的影响研究

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以最新四大“火炉城市”之首福州市为研究地点,从热环境的角度出发,以口袋公园为研究对象,通过热环境实测数据对口袋公园与城市热环境的关系进行分析,探讨口袋公园的景观特征以及城市设计指标与城市热环境的关系,为未来口袋公园的建设和优化提供建议。结果表明:1)口袋公园在白天和夜间比周围城市街道要凉爽,在微尺度上可以改善城市热环境;2)口袋公园绿化覆盖率、面积、形状指数与热环境存在负相关关系。当口袋公园周长小于300m时,其与平均温度的关系是正相关,当口袋公园周长大于300m时,其与温度的关系是负相关关系;3)建筑密度与口袋公园的空气温度呈现显著的正相关关系,在夜间却显示得比较微弱;容积率与温度呈现抛物线关系,容积率超过一定数值(1.25)可以降低环境温度;4)口袋公园绿化覆盖率和形状指数对周边环境降温程度具有一定的影响,绿化覆盖率越大,形状指数越复杂,降温幅度越大。

关键词: 热岛效应, 热环境, 口袋公园, 景观特征

Abstract:

This article took Fuzhou City,the head of the latest four "furnace cities" as the research site. From the perspective of thermal environment,it took pocket parks as the research object,analyzed the relationship between pocket parks and the urban thermal environment through thermal environment measurement data,and discussed the relationship between the landscape characteristics of pocket parks and urban design indicators and urban thermal environment so as to provide suggestions for the construction and optimization of future pocket parks. The results showed that: 1) Pocket parks were cooler than surrounding city streets during the day and night,and can improve the urban thermal environment on a micro-scale. 2) Green coverage,area,shape index of pocket parks and thermal environment were negatively correlated,when the perimeter of the park was less than 300m,the relationship with the average temperature was positive,when the pocket park was greater than 300m,the relationship with the temperature was negative. 3) The building density had a significant positive relationship with the air temperature of the pocket park. At night,the display was relatively weak,the plot ratio had a parabolic relationship with the temperature,and the plot ratio exceeded a certain value (1.25) to reduce the ambient temperature. 4) The green coverage rate and shape index of the pocket park had a certain impact on the cooling degree of the surrounding environment. The greater the coverage,the more complex the shape index and the greater the temperature drops.

Key words: heat island effect, thermal environment, pocket park, landscape characteristics

中图分类号:

K903
X16

卓志雄, 吴天杰, 洪长兴, 黄启堂. 热岛效应视角下口袋公园对城市热环境的影响研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2022,(1): 95-105.

ZHUO Zhixiong, WU Tianjie, HONG Changxing, HUANG Qitang. Research on the Impact of Pocket Parks on Urban Thermal Environment from the Perspective of Heat Island Effect[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2022,(1): 95-105.

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口袋公园名称	绿化覆盖率/%	公园面积/m²	周长/m	形状指数	建筑密度/%	容积率/%
同寿园	90	3657	366.4	1.71	30	1.62
王庄南湖公园	60	8391	394.5	1.22	30	1.50
光禄坊公园	51	3955	211.3	0.95	37	1.20
西洪公园	66	3045	218.3	1.12	17	0.85
洋下公园	42	9000	498.7	1.48	21	1.01
左海社区室外文化活动广场	59	2500	232.2	1.31	16	0.73
青年广场	61	2187	183.5	1.10	25	1.53
榕荫广场	83	737	139.4	1.45	26	1.34
力宝天马广场	52	933	130.0	1.2	28	1.57
文庙前广场	52	2813	191.6	1.01	28	1.20
福州广场	55	4435	262.4	1.11	23	1.32
万科九如府前广场	56	6594	351.3	1.22	30	1.57
乌塔公园	43	8578	409.3	1.25	26	1.09
鼓楼前公园	56	1772	184.6	1.24	31	1.69
冶山春秋园	68	7457	491.3	1.60	33	1.77

名称	t1:口袋公园日间平均温度/℃	t2:周边日间平均温度 /℃	△t (t1-t2)
同寿园	31.582	32.10	-0.518
王庄南湖公园	34.281	34.96	-0.679
光禄坊公园	34.400	34.90	-0.500
西洪公园	34.466	34.89	-0.424
洋下公园	33.030	33.39	-0.360
左海社区室外文化活动广场	31.195	31.86	-0.668
青年广场	31.53	31.51	0.020
榕荫广场	32.323	33.26	-0.934
力宝天马广场	31.24	31.35	-0.108
文庙前广场	33.97	34.62	-0.650
福州广场	33.40	32.70	0.700
万科九如府前广场	34.21	35.248	-1.038
乌塔公园	33.543	33.999	-0.456
鼓楼前公园	32.57	31.854	0.716
冶山春秋园	30.94	31.311	-0.371
所有测试点	32.84	33.290	-0.450

名称	t1:口袋公园夜间平均温度/℃	t2:周围场地夜间平均温度/℃	△t (t1-t2)
同寿园	27.66	32.1	-4.44
王庄南湖公园	30.98	34.96	-3.98
光禄坊公园	32.5	34.9	-2.4
西洪公园	31.17	34.89	-3.72
洋下公园	27.64	33.39	-5.75
左海社区室外文化活动广场	26.86	26.863	-0.003
青年广场	27.77	31.51	-3.74
榕荫广场	29.54	33.257	-0.934
力宝天马广场	26.17	31.348	-5.178
文庙前广场	30.6	34.62	-4.02
福州广场	29.6	32.7	-3.1
万科九如府前广场	31.4	35.248	-3.848
乌塔公园	30.76	33.999	-3.239
鼓楼前公园	28.73	31.854	-3.124
冶山春秋园	25.87	31.311	-5.441
所有测试点	29.15	32.86	-3.71

		绿化覆盖率	日间平均温度
绿化率	皮尔逊相关性	1	-0.745^**
	显著性(双侧)		0.001441
平均温度	皮尔逊相关性	-0.745^**	1
	显著性(双侧)	0.001441