广西壮族自治区4种典型灌丛凋落物层的水文效应

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌丛凋落物层在水土保持中具有重要的作用,为了探寻不同灌丛水文效应的差异,利用样方法采集了广西壮族自治区所分布的红背山麻杆、牡荆、杜茎山和羊蹄甲等4种典型灌木群落凋落物层的凋落物,通过测定凋落物的蓄积量、持水率和拦蓄量等参数,对灌丛凋落物层的水土保持效应及其机理进行了研究。结果显示,4种灌丛凋落物总蓄积量在3.80~4.84 t/hm²之间,以红背山麻杆灌丛的蓄积量为最大;4种灌丛凋落物层的自然含水率和最大持水率的差异显著,羊蹄甲灌丛显著高于其它3种灌丛类型;4种灌丛凋落物的有效拦蓄总量在5.32~7.28 t/hm²范围内。各灌丛类型有效拦蓄总量排序依次为红背山麻杆>牡荆>羊蹄甲>杜茎山,红背山麻杆灌丛凋落物层有效拦蓄总量分别比牡荆、羊蹄甲和杜茎山灌丛高11.15%,35.06%和36.84%。研究表明,4种灌丛凋落物层的水文效应以红背山麻杆灌丛和羊蹄甲灌丛较优。

关键词: 凋落物, 持水, 水分拦截, 灌丛, 广西壮族自治区

Abstract:

Litter layer in shrub communities plays an important role in soil and water conservation.In order to explore the differences in hydrological effects of different shrubs,litters were sampled from community under storey of four typical shrubs distributed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in cluding Alchornea trewioides,Vitex negundo,Maesa japonica and Bauhinia purpurea communities. The water and soil conservation effect of the litter layer and its mechanism were revealed by measuring parameters such as litter volume,water holding rate and water in terception volume.The total litter accumulation ranged from 3.80 t/hm ² to 4.84 t/hm² in the four shrubs.The largest accumulation appeared in the A.trewioides community. There were significant differences among the four shrubs in the natural moisture content and the maximum water holding rate of the litter layer,which of B. purpurea community were significantly higher than the other three shrubs. The total effective in terception of litter in the four shrubs ranged from 5.3 t/hm ² to 7.28 t/hm².The order of the total effective interception of each community type was as follows:A. trewioides>V.negundo>B. purpurea> M.japonica. The total effective interception of the A. trewioides community was 11.15%,35.06% and 36.84% higher than that of V. negundo,B. purpurea and M. japonica community,respectively.The litter layer of A. trewioides and B. purpurea community had better hydrological effects in the four typical shrubs.

Key words: litter, water holding capacity, water interception, shrub, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

中图分类号:

S715

代奉林, 陈芳清, 吕坤, 刘杨赟. 广西壮族自治区4种典型灌丛凋落物层的水文效应[J]. 林业资源管理, 2022,(1): 166-173.

DAI Fenglin, CHEN Fangqing, LV Kun, LIU Yangyun. Hydrological Effects of Litter Layer in Four Typical Shrubs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2022,(1): 166-173.

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灌丛类型	海拔 /m	地理位置	坡度 /(°)	干扰程度	群落盖度 /%	平均高度 /cm	凋落物厚度 /cm	草本层优势物种
牡荆	142	宜州区刘三姐乡刘三姐村 24°32'43.43″N,108°40'31.63″E	40	轻微	58.89	205.56	2.76	白茅 Imperata cylindrica
红背山麻杆	91	象州区马坪镇龙门村 23°55'38.60″N,109°34'54.18″E	45	轻微	86.67	273.33	3.24	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus
羊蹄甲	544	南丹县大厂镇堂汉村 24°56'15.53″N,107°36'14.46″E	40	轻微	85.00	391.67	2.60	破坏草 Eupatorium coelestinum
杜茎山	526	金城江区三旺乡弄优村 24°39'12.02″N,107°34'23.20″E	35	轻微	71.67	210.00	2.33	荩草Arthraxon hispidus

灌丛类型	未分解层		半分解层		总蓄积量/(t/hm²)
灌丛类型	蓄积量/(t/hm²)	比例/%	蓄积量/(t/hm²)	比例/%	总蓄积量/(t/hm²)
杜茎山	1.93±0.38a	46.42	2.22±0.76a	53.58	4.15±1.14a
红背山麻杆	2.24±0.10a	46.30	2.60±0.43a	53.70	4.84±0.49a
牡荆	2.17±0.21a	48.93	2.27±0.33a	51.07	4.44±0.54a
羊蹄甲	1.87±0.24a	49.29	1.93±0.16a	50.71	3.80±0.26a

凋落物层次	灌丛类型		持水量				吸水速率
凋落物层次	灌丛类型		拟合方程		相关系数R²		拟合方程		相关系数R²
未分解层	杜茎山	y=0.2644ln(t)+2.4192		R²=0.9433		v=2.3862t^-0^.⁸⁹⁵		R²=0.9985
	红背山麻杆	y=0.3947ln(t)+3.0986		R²=0.9514		v=2.9875t^-0^.⁸⁸⁶		R²=0.9987
	牡荆	y=0.3551ln(t)+3.1055		R²=0.9309		v=3.0564t^-0^.⁸⁹⁰		R²=0.9979
	羊蹄甲	y=0.3659ln(t)+3.0325		R²=0.9646		v=2.9875t^-0^.⁸⁸⁶		R²=0.9987
半分解层	杜茎山	y=0.3711ln(t)+3.1578		R²=0.9561		v=3.1106t^-0^.⁸⁸⁸		R²=0.9985
	红背山麻杆	y=0.4139ln(t)+3.9891		R²=0.9332		v=3.9393t^-0^.⁹⁰⁰		R²=0.9985
	牡荆	y=0.4423ln(t)+3.3552		R²=0.9578		v=3.2929t^-0^.⁸⁷⁵		R²=0.9980
	羊蹄甲	y=0.4449ln(t)+3.2691		R²=0.9556		v=3.2029t^-0^.⁸⁷¹		R²=0.9979

灌丛类型	自然含水率			最大持水率
灌丛类型	未分解层	半分解层	凋落物层	未分解层	半分解层	凋落物层
杜茎山	20.27±7.91b	26.51±7.30b	23.39±7.50b	167.02±13.85b	189.72±11.00b	178.37±11.36b
红背山麻杆	14.45±2.27b	16.04±4.26b	15.24±3.26b	189.58± 1.61b	200.55±10.40b	195.07± 5.95b
牡荆	19.64±6.70b	21.12±7.25b	20.38±6.97b	191.33± 9.86b	206.03±14.67b	198.68±12.18b
羊蹄甲	42.03±1.24a	61.35±7.21a	51.69±4.16a	221.35±22.12a	235.33±14.54a	228.34±18.21a

灌木类型	最大拦蓄量			有效拦蓄量
灌木类型	未分解层	半分解层	凋落物层	未分解层	半分解层	凋落物层
杜茎山	2.80±0.34c	3.64±1.27a	6.43±1.61a	2.32±0.28c	3.00±1.06a	5.32±1.34b
红背山麻杆	3.92±0.11a	4.77±0.57a	8.69±0.64a	3.28±0.09a	3.99±0.48a	7.28±0.53a
牡荆	3.71±0.11ab	4.16±0.23a	7.87±0.33a	3.09±0.10a	3.46±0.19a	6.55±0.27ab
羊蹄甲	3.33±0.24b	3.36±0.44a	6.69±0.66a	2.71±0.20b	2.68±0.35a	5.39±0.53b