关键词: 自然保护区, 生态旅游, 经营管理, 优化模式

Abstract: Based on the questionnaire results provided by 120 national forest nature reserves,and particularly on the field investigation and interview which focuses on 5 typical models of ecotourism management,this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different models and develops an optimization model of ecotourism management in nature reserves. Such aspects as protection,separating enterprise from administration,collaboration,classification management,operation management executed by administrative organizations of nature reserves,community involvement and benefit-sharing constitute the essential principles for ecotourism management.Meanwhile,an official regulatory organization of ecotourism should be established,which can play an important role by supervising ecotourism activities and standardizing ecotourism management.The optimization model would be able to enhance the discourse right of administrative organizations of nature reserves,equilibrate the relationship between ecotourism and environmental protection,and solve conflicts of stakeholders of ecotourism.Because of accumulated experience in environment protection and ecotourism development,the administrative organizations of nature reserves play an irreplaceable role. It can achieve a real ecotourism that the administrative organizations are responsible for ecotourism management.

Key words: nature reserve, ecotourism, management, optimization model