不同造林密度的21 a生西南桦人工林生长规律研究

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解造林密度对西南桦人工林生长规律的影响,采用解析木分析其生长动态,丰富人工林相关资料及提供抚育经营的依据。在云南普洱市江城县,对不同非均匀密度控制(2 m×2 m×5 m,2 m×3 m×5 m,3 m×3 m×5 m,2 m×2 m×10 m)造林的21 a生西南桦人工林进行调查基础上,基于每木检尺选择的12株标准木,分析不同造林密度的林木最优生长模型。林龄21 a时,不同造林密度的西南桦林木的平均去皮胸径、树高和去皮材积分别为16.8~17.5 cm,26.70~28.00 m和0.274 3~0.333 8 m³,林木尚处于旺盛的生长阶段。林龄为9~12,9~11,8~15 a期间分别是不同密度胸径、树高和材积生长分化的高峰,此时,密度对材积总生长量具有显著性(P=0.025~0.046<0.05)或极显著性(P=0.001~0.006<0.01)差异影响。4种造林密度下的胸径、树高和材积—年龄的最优生长模型以Richards模型和Gompertz模型为主,其中,Richards模型可用于其胸径、树高和材积生长分析和预测。

关键词: 西南桦, 非均匀密度, 生长模型

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of planting density on the growth model of Betula alnoides plantation,analytical trees were used to analyze its growth dynamics,to enrich the information related to plantation and provide the scientific basis for cultivation management.In Jiangcheng County,Pu'er City,Yunnan Province,based on the investigation for a 21-year-old B.alnoides plantation of established by different initial uneven row spacing(2 m×2 m×5 m,2 m×3 m×5 m,3 m×3 m×5 m and 2 m×2 m×10 m),the best growth models of the trees with different planting densities was analyzed based upon the 12 standard trees selected from each tree measure.The results showed that mean diameters at the breast height(DBHs)under bark,tree heights(THs)and timber volume under bark of the different planting densities for the 21-year-old stand trees were 16.8~17.5 cm,26.7~28.0 m and 0.274 3~0.333 8 m³,respectively,and the trees were still in vigorous growth stage.The peak growth differentiation of DBHs,THs,and timber volume at different planting densities was observed during 9~12,9~11 and 8~15-year-old,respectively,when the planting densities had significant (P=0.025~0.046<0.05,P=0.001~0.006<0.01) effect on the total volume increment.The best fitting predictive models for DBHs,THs and timber volume-ages of the different planting densities were generally dominated by the Richards model and Gompertz model,in which Richards model can be used for the growth analysis and prediction of DBHs,THs,and timber volume of B.alnoides plantation.

Key words: Betula alnoides, uneven row spacing, growth model

中图分类号:

S758.5

王文俊, 李莲芳, 李小军, 侯海雄, 刘娴, 张合瑶, 顾梦, 周冬梅. 不同造林密度的21 a生西南桦人工林生长规律研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2023,(4): 53-61.

WANG Wenjun, LI Lianfang, LI Xiaojun, HOU Haixiong, LIU Xian, ZHANG Heyao, GU Meng, ZHOU Dongmei. Research on the Growth Model of a 21-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantation with Different Planting Densities[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2023,(4): 53-61.

图/表 11

图1

表1

表2

表3

生长拟合模型

模型	方程	变量	参数
Richards	y=a(1- $e - b x$ )^c	x,y	a,b,c
Weibull	y=a(1- $e - (x - b c) d$ )	x, y	a,b,c,d
Logistic	y=a/(1+be^-^cx)	x, y	a,b,c
Gompertz	y=a $e - b e - c x$	x, y	a,b,c
幂函数	y=ax^b	x, y	a,b
二次函数	y=a+bx+cx²	x, y	a,b,c
三次函数	y=a+bx+cx²+dx³	x, y	a,b,c,d

表3

图2

表4

不同造林密度胸径-林龄生长模型

密度(株行距)	模型	方程	R²	SSE	拐点林龄/a
2 m×2 m×5 m	三次函数	y=-2.6+1.5x-3.0E-02x²+1.6E-04x³	0.969	48.3	—
2 m×2 m×5 m	Richards	y=20.25(1- $e - 0.112 x$ )^1.915	0.968	49.8	5.8
2 m×3 m×5 m	Richards	y=18.75(1- $e - 0.172 x$ )^3.021	0.992	14.9	6.4
3 m×3 m×5 m	Richards	y=22.28(1- $e - 0.101 x$ )^2.062	0.981	32.3	7.2
2 m×2 m×10 m	Gompertz	y=18.83 $e - 3.996 e - 0.177 x$	0.989	19.6	7.8
2 m×2 m×10 m	Richards	y=20.54(1- $e - 0.124 x$ )^2.216	0.988	20.3	6.4

表4

图3

表5

不同造林密度树高-林龄生长模型

密度(株行距)	模型	方程	R²	SSE	拐点林龄/a
2 m×2 m×5 m	Gompertz	y=28.933 $e - 3.845 e - 0.186 x$	0.950	248.7	7.2
2 m×2 m×5 m	Richards	y=31.34(1- $e - 0.129 x$ )^2.101	0.950	248.8	5.8
2 m×3 m×5 m	Richards	y=29.91(1- $e - 0.159 x$ )^2.153	0.980	99.5	4.8
3 m×3 m×5 m	Richards	y=30.79(1- $e - 0.151 x$ )^2.132	0.982	89.8	5.0
2 m×2 m×10 m	三次函数	y=-0.838+1.716x+0.024x²-0.002x³	0.971	128.3	—
2 m×2 m×10 m	Richards	y=31.54(1- $e - 0.116 x$ )^1.672	0.971	131.2	4.4

表5

图4

表6

表7

不同造林密度材积-林龄生长模型

密度(行间距)	模型	方程	R²	SSE	拐点林龄/a
2 m×2 m×5 m	Richards	y=0.652 9(1- $e - 0.093 x$ )^5.609	0.955	0.025 2	18.5
2 m×2 m×5 m	Gompertz	y=0.53 $e - 9.218 e - 0.127 x$	0.955	0.025 1	17.5
2 m×3 m×5 m	Richards	y=0.550 1(1- $e - 0.118 x$ )^5.735	0.986	0.011 3	14.8
2 m×3 m×5 m	Gompertz	y=0.489 $e - 8.873 e - 0.149 x$	0.986	0.011 4	14.6
3 m×3 m×5 m	Richards	y=0.663 5(1- $e - 0.101 x$ )^5.786	0.981	0.013 4	17.4
3 m×3 m×5 m	Gompertz	y=0.554 $e - 9.326 e - 0.133 x$	0.981	0.013 4	16.8
2 m×2 m×10 m	Richards	y=0.466 3(1- $e - 0.143 x$ )^7.703	0.980	0.015 4	14.3
2 m×2 m×10 m	Gompertz	y=0.435 $e - 10.843 e - 0.166 x$	0.980	0.015 4	14.4

表7

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造林的株行距	初植密度/(株/hm²)	保存密度/(株/hm²)
2 m×2 m×5 m	1 429	674
2 m×3 m×5 m	1 250	594
3 m×3 m×5 m	833	563
2 m×2 m×10 m	833	533

株行距	胸径/cm			树高/m			材积/m³
株行距	平均	最小值	最大值	平均	最小值	最大值	平均	最小值	最大值
2 m×2 m×5 m	18.5	17.9	19.6	26.8	22.4	29.5	0.326 2	0.258 1	0.381 8
2 m×3 m×5 m	19.6	18.9	20.0	27.3	25.6	28.3	0.389 3	0.346 2	0.423 0
3 m×3 m×5 m	18.7	18.7	18.8	28.0	26.3	29.4	0.375 3	0.351 5	0.419 5
2 m×2 m×10 m	18.9	18.5	19.2	26.7	25.0	29.5	0.368 5	0.331 9	0.417 1

密度(株行距)	林龄/a
密度(株行距)	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
2 m×2 m×5 m	0.020 2^b	0.029 6^Bb	0.029 6^Bc	0.053 4^Bb	0.069 2^Bb	0.088 0^Bb	0.107 9^b	0.107 9^b
2 m×3 m×5 m	0.032 5^a	0.049 3^Aa	0.049 3^Aa	0.090 1^Aa	0.112 5^Aa	0.137 5^Aa	0.163 0^a	0.163 0^a
3 m×3 m×5 m	0.024 7^ab	0.034 7^Bb	0.034 7^ABbc	0.063 5^Bab	0.084 1^ABab	0.106 3^ABab	0.131 0^ab	0.131 0^ab
2 m×2 m×10 m	0.023 5^b	0.037 4^ABb	0.037 4^ABb	0.076 8^ABab	0.099 7^ABab	0.125 8^Aab	0.151 3^a	0.151 3^a