山西省五台山地区近30年植被覆盖动态变化及影响因素

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1991—2020年间的25期Landsat遥感数据源,基于像元二分模型、小波分析、偏相关性分析等方法,分析五台山地区植被覆盖度的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:五台山地区FVC值在总体上呈现增加趋势,其中五台县多年FVC均值最高,原平市历年FVC增速最快,主要存在9,12,21a共3个主要变化周期控制整个时域中FVC的变化。研究区植被覆盖呈现“西低东高”的空间分布格局,植被覆盖改善区远大于退化区。五台县在海拔低于2 400m的CV值均表现出较大负偏离现象,在海拔高于2 400m时,出现较大正偏离现象;繁峙县FVC值均表现出阴坡>阳坡>半阴坡>半阳坡的现象;代县和原平市各坡向的FVC峰值在海拔1 600~2 000m内出现。五台县、代县和原平市CV值随坡度的增加,负偏离程度越大。1980—2015年间,研究区年均温度和年降水量均呈现上升趋势,FVC值与温度的偏相关系数均值为0.14,与降水量的偏相关系数均值为0.05。1990—2018年间,五台山地区林地、建设用地的面积出现增加,而耕地、草地存在不同程度减少,其中矿区和景区等人类活跃区存在植被衰退问题。

关键词: 五台山地区, 植被覆盖度, 影响因素, 遥感, 像元二分模型

Abstract:

Based on 25 Landsat remote sensing data sources from 1991 to 2020,the temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation coverage and its influencing factors in Wutai Mountain were analyzed by binary pixel model,wavelet analysis and partial correlation analysis.The results showed that the FVC values in Wutai Mountain area showed an increasing trend on the whole,in which the mean value of FVC in Wutai County was the highest,and the FVC growth rate in Yuanping City was the highest.There were three main change cycles of 9,12,21 years to control the change of FVC in the whole time domain.The vegetation cover in the study area showed a spatial distribution pattern of "low in the west and high in the east",and the improved area of vegetation cover was much larger than the degraded area.The CV values of Wutai County showed a large negative deviation phenomenon when the altitude was lower than 2 400m,and a large positive deviation phenomenon when the altitude was higher than 2 400m.The FVC values of Fanshi County showed an order as follows:shade slope>sunny slope>half shade slope>half sunny slope;The peak values of FVC in each slope direction of Dai County and Yuanping City appeared in the altitude range of 1 600~2 000m.The negative deviation of CV values in Wutai County,Dai County and Yuanping City increased with the increase of slope.From 1980 to 2015,the mean value of partial correlation coefficient between FVC value and temperature was 0.14,and that between FVC value and precipitation was 0.05.In Wutai Mountain area,the area of forest land and construction land increased,while the area of cultivated land and grassland decreased to varying degrees from 1980 to 2015,and there were vegetation decline problems in human-active areas such as mining areas and scenic spots.

Key words: Wutai Mountain area, vegetation coverage, influencing factors, remote sensing, Pixel binary model

中图分类号:

Q948

任天晨, 陈军锋, 刘楠. 山西省五台山地区近30年植被覆盖动态变化及影响因素[J]. 林业资源管理, 2022,(4): 89-99.

REN Tianchen, CHEN Junfeng, LIU Nan. Dynamic Change and Influencing Factors of Vegetation Cover over the Past 30 years in the Wutai Mountain Area[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2022,(4): 89-99.

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覆盖度等级	耕地比例/ %	林地比例/ %	草地比例/ %	水域比例/ %	建设用地比例/%	总比例/ %	海拔/m	坡度/(°)	气温/(℃)	降水/mm
Ⅴ	40.5	4.8	19.0	47.2	57.8	18.9	1137.4	15.0	7.3	515.0
Ⅳ	26.6	8.7	17.8	19.5	18.9	16.2	1235.7	17.8	6.9	527.7
Ⅲ	20.4	16.8	21.3	16.5	12.2	19.5	1409.1	20.9	6.0	552.2
Ⅱ	9.4	26.4	21.9	10.2	7.2	21.2	1642.2	23.6	5.4	572.5
Ⅰ	3.1	43.3	19.9	6.6	3.8	24.3	1758.7	25.7	4.7	593.0

区域	坡向	海拔/m
区域	坡向	≤1200	1200~ 1600	1600~ 2000	2000~ 2400	>2400
五台县	阴坡	0.466	0.731	0.859	0.863	0.601
	半阴坡	0.405	0.619	0.778	0.771	0.622
	半阳坡	0.353	0.537	0.709	0.728	0.627
	阳坡	0.412	0.659	0.806	0.815	0.639
繁峙县	阴坡	0.394	0.457	0.764	0.845	0.685
	半阴坡	0.371	0.422	0.624	0.739	0.664
	半阳坡	0.335	0.379	0.524	0.617	0.634
	阳坡	0.372	0.438	0.683	0.781	0.667
代县	阴坡	0.360	0.615	0.724	0.711	0.667
	半阴坡	0.382	0.525	0.628	0.599	0.597
	半阳坡	0.371	0.443	0.552	0.531	0.529
	阳坡	0.337	0.543	0.679	0.664	0.571
原平市	阴坡	0.329	0.596	0.766	-	-
	半阴坡	0.284	0.502	0.603
	半阳坡	0.255	0.378	0.535
	阳坡	0.296	0.490	0.648

区域	海拔/m
区域	≤1200	1200~ 1600	1600~ 2000	2000~ 2400	>2400
五台县	-13.2	-11.3	-6.7	-6.0	6.1
繁峙县	-1.5	-1.1	-3.1	-2.1	-0.7
代县	-1.6	-3.4	-1.7	-1.9	-4.1
原平市	-2.8	-5.4	-4.6	—	—

区域	坡向	坡度/(°)
区域	坡向	≤5	5~15	15~25	25~35	>35
五台县	阴坡	0.441	0.570	0.740	0.819	0.823
	半阴坡	0.431	0.512	0.641	0.705	0.709
	半阳坡	0.417	0.465	0.560	0.602	0.607
	阳坡	0.429	0.534	0.679	0.732	0.712
繁峙县	阴坡	0.281	0.412	0.659	0.766	0.829
	半阴坡	0.282	0.413	0.558	0.616	0.650
	半阳坡	0.287	0.416	0.505	0.520	0.514
	阳坡	0.285	0.414	0.600	0.676	0.706
代县	阴坡	0.405	0.488	0.661	0.713	0.722
	半阴坡	0.415	0.484	0.584	0.613	0.615
	半阳坡	0.412	0.444	0.502	0.516	0.517
	阳坡	0.398	0.459	0.597	0.640	0.642
原平县	阴坡	0.336	0.372	0.502	0.652	0.706
	半阴坡	0.331	0.316	0.376	0.511	0.562
	半阳坡	0.314	0.289	0.331	0.390	0.433
	阳坡	0.316	0.337	0.438	0.541	0.570

区域	坡度/(°)
区域	≤5	5~15	15~25	25~35	>35
五台县	-2.8	-6.9	-9.3	-12.2	-15.6
繁峙县	0.4	0.1	-2.5	-3.5	-4.6
代县	-0.4	-1.5	-2.7	-2.9	-3.2
原平市	-1.5	-2.7	-3.9	-5.3	-6.0