大兴安岭泰加林植物多样性特征调查与分析

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大兴安岭是我国最主要的寒温带泰加林分布区域。以呼中国家级自然保护区为研究对象,通过野外样方调查、多样性参数计算结合冗余排序和方差分解分析发现:落叶松为乔木层主要树种,其相对多度达到80.39%,其次为白桦树种;越桔在灌木层中占比为87.85%;草本共记录51种,其中小叶章所占比例最大37.85%;更新层主要树种为落叶松,相对多度为77.94%,其余为白桦。排序关系解析表明,植物多样性变化主要受其群落结构独立效应和灌木层差异特征影响,灌木的盖度、密度以及更新层地径与植物多样性变化密切相关,未来该区域林分管理调整上述因子可以更好地提升保护植物多样性的保护。

关键词: 多样性特征, 群落结构, 垂直结构, 林木大小, 耦合关系, 大兴安岭

Abstract:

Daxing'anling Mts.are the most important cold-temperate taiga forests in China.By taking Huzhong National Reserve,as the study objective,we investigated trees,shrubs and herbs by the field plot method,and calculated plant diversity indices,then performed redundancy ordination of their association and found that,Larix gmelinii was the main tree species in the arbor layer,with a relative abundance of 80.39%,followed by Betula platyphylla. The proportion of lingonberry (Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea) was the highest among shrubs,reaching 87.85%.A total of 51 species of herbs layer were found,of which Deyeuxia angustifolia accounted for the largest proportion,reaching 37.85%.Larix gmelinii was the main tree species in the regeneration layer with the relative abundance of 77.94%,and the rest was Betula platyphylla.Redundancy ordination and variance partitioning analysis showed that the independent effect of community structure and shrub layer characteristics contributed the most to the diversity change,and shrub coverage,ground diameter of regeneration layer and shrub density had the closest relationship with plant diversity change,and the protection of plant diversity can be achieved by adjusting the above factors with fully accounting of the impact of other community structure characteristics of arbor,shrub and herbs on species diversity.

Key words: characteristics of diversity, community characteristics, vertical structures, tree sizes, decoupling association, Daxing'anling Mts.

中图分类号:

S718.5

孙玉成, 张喜亭, 季倩如, 张建宇, 王文杰. 大兴安岭泰加林植物多样性特征调查与分析[J]. 林业资源管理, 2022,(6): 124-130.

SUN Yucheng, ZHANG Xiting, JI Qianru, ZHANG Jianyu, WANG Wenjie. Survey and Analysis of Taiga Forest Plant Diversity Features in Daxing'anling Mts.[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2022,(6): 124-130.

图/表 4

表1

表2

个体大小群落特征与植物多样性统计表

项目	平均值	中位数	标准误差	最小50%区间
乔木丰富度(T-R)	1.78	2.00	0.11		—		2.00	~	3.00	单峰
乔木Simpson指数(T-D)	0.23	0.20	0.03	0	~	0.21	0.40	~	0.50	多峰
乔木Alatalo指数(T-Ea)	0.62	0.65	0.05	0.63	~	0.92	0.80	~	1.00	单峰
灌木丰富度(S-R)	5.14	5.00	0.28	3.00	~	5.00	5.00	~	6.00	单峰
灌木Simpson指数(S-D)	0.29	0.21	0.03	0	~	0.29	0.10	~	0.20	单峰
灌木Alatalo指数(S-Ea)	0.55	0.51	0.03	0.35	~	0.54	0.30	~	0.40	单峰
草木丰富度(H-R)	7.31	6.00	0.75	1.00	~	6.00	2.50	~	5.00	多峰
草木Simpson指数(H-D)	0.52	0.52	0.03	0.43	~	0.71	0.70	~	0.80	多峰
草木Alatalo指数(H-Ea)	0.64	0.62	0.02	0.37	~	0.62	0.50	~	0.60	单峰
更新丰富度(R-R)	0.62	1.00	0.09	0	~	1.00	1	~	2.00	单峰
更新Simpson指数(R-D)	0.02	0	0.01		—		0	~	0.10	单峰
更新Alatalo指数(R-Ea)	0.54	0.94	0.07	0.90	~	1.00	0.80	~	1.00	单峰
乔株高(TH)/m	12.66	12.72	0.40	11.20	~	14.20	12.00	~	13.00	多峰
乔胸径(TDBH)/cm	14.48	14.53	0.55	13.91	~	19.24	16.00	~	18.00	多峰
乔枝下高(TCBH)/m	6.72	6.32	0.39	4.22	~	6.37	4.00	~	5.00	多峰
灌高度(SH)/m	0.61	0.52	0.05	0.33	~	0.58	0.40	~	0.60	单峰
灌地径(TGD)/cm	0.72	0.54	0.08	0.40	~	0.61	0.50	~	1.00	单峰
灌冠幅(SCD)/cm	29.11	24.44	2.37	13.80	~	28.00	10.00	~	20.00	单峰
草高度(HH)/cm	27.92	29.14	1.06	28.10	~	36.20	25.00	~	30.00	单峰
更新株高(RH)/m	1.56	1.60	0.14	1.50	~	2.10	1.50	~	2.00	多峰
更新地径(RGD)/cm	1.93	1.50	0.22	1.00	~	1.50	1.00	~	1.50	多峰
乔郁闭度(CD)	0.58	0.60	0.15	0.50	~	0.70	0.50	~	0.80	单峰
灌盖度(SC)/%	34.94	29.33	2.85	7.50	~	29.30	10.00	~	20.00	单峰
草盖度(HC)/%	15.72	10.80	1.80	4.20	~	12.10	0	~	10.00	单峰
乔密度(TD)/(株/m²)	0.14	0.12	0.01	0.05	~	0.13	0.05	~	0.10	单峰
灌密度(SD)/(株/m²)	43.60	35.30	5.39	0	~	35.00	0	~	25.00	单峰
更新密度(RD)/(株/m²)	0.10	0.06	0.02	0	~	0.06	0	~	0.10	单峰

表2

图1

表3

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层次结构	物种名	相对多度/%	层次结构	物种名	相对多度/%
乔木层	落叶松Larix gmelinii	80.39	草本层	小叶章Deyeuxia angustifolia	37.85
	白桦Betula platyphylla	19.43		灰脉薹草Carex appendiculata	19.32
灌木层	越桔Vaccinium vitis-idaea	87.85		兴安鹿蹄草Pyrola dahurica	11.66
	杜香Ledum palustre	7.63		裂叶蒿Artemisia tanacetifolia	3.95
	笃斯越桔Vaccinium uliginosum	1.80		东方草莓Fragaria orientalis	3.14
更新层	落叶松Larix gmelinii	77.94		齿叶风毛菊Saussurea neoserrata	3.01
	白桦Betula platyphylla	22.06