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林业资源管理 ›› 2022›› Issue (zk1): 8-18.doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.002

• 综合管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

森林经营方案发展综述

唐小平(), 欧阳君祥   

  1. 国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京 100714
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-20 修回日期:2020-12-12 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2023-04-21
  • 作者简介:唐小平(1963-),男,湖南津市人,教授级高工,博士,主要从事森林经理、保护生物学等理论及技术研究。Email:tang8043@126.com

Summary on the Development of the Forest Management Plan

TANG Xiaoping(), OUYANG Junxiang   

  1. Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
  • Received:2022-11-20 Revised:2020-12-12 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2023-04-21

摘要:

森林经营方案自17世纪在法国、德国兴起以来,历经3个多世纪,已成为世界各国森林可持续经营的核心制度。中国自20世纪20年代引入森林施业案,在100多年的历程中,森林经营方案编制的理论、技术和要求等不断发展,当前中国已从法制、技术和政策等各个层面形成了森林经营方案基本框架,初步建立了编制、审查、批准、实施、监测、评估、修订、调整和再实施的森林经营方案制度体系。随着分类经营、近自然经营、多功能经营、生态系统经营、森林景观恢复等理论在中国发展和创新,中国森林经营方案编制与实施出现了一些新的应用态势,有关机构和组织分别应用不同的理论和技术开展了不同类型森林经营方案编制和实施实践,模型化、可视化、智能化和云计算等新的方法和技术也逐渐在森林经营决策和方案编制中得到应用。2019年开始,国家林业和草原局以景观生态学、生态修复学和森林可持续经营等理论为指导,以恢复生态系统完整性和提升森林生态服务功能为主要目标,采用科学优化决策手段,先后在江西、贵州和河北等地的部分国有林场开展了新型森林经营方编制和实施实践,有效扩展了中国森林经营方案的理论支撑和应用领域。

关键词: 森林经营方案, 森林可持续经营, 森林经营决策, 森林景观恢复

Abstract:

Since its emerging in France and Germany in the 17th century,the forest management plan has become the core system of sustainable forest management in the world after more than three centuries. China has introduced the forest working plan since the 1920s. In the course of more than 100 years,the theory,technologies and requirements of the preparation of forest management plan have been developing continuously. At present,China has formed the basic framework of forest management plan from the legal,technical and policy levels,and the system of the forest management plan has been preliminarily established for the preparation,review,approval,implementation,monitoring,evaluation,revision,adjustment and re-implementation. With the development and innovation of theories such as classified management,close to nature management,multi-functional management,ecosystem management and forest landscape restoration,some new application trends have emerged in the preparation and implementation of forest management plans in China. Relevant institutions and organizations have carried out the preparation and implementation of different types of forest management plans by applying different theories and technologies. New methods andtechnologies such as modeling,visualization,intelligence and cloud computing have also being gradually applied in decision-making and scheme preparation of the forest management. In particular,since 2019,guided by the theories of landscape ecology,ecological restoration and sustainable forest management,and with the main goal of restoring the integrity of the ecosystem and improving the function of forest ecological services,National Forestry and Grassland Administration has adopted scientific and optimized decision-making methods to carry out the preparation and implementation of new forest management plans for some state-owned forest farms in Jiangxi,Guizhou and Hebei,which have effectively expanded the theoretical support and application fields of China's forest management plans.

Key words: forest management plan, sustainable forest management, forest management decision-making, forest landscape restoration

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