关键词: 鸟类, 福州城市绿地, 冬季, α多样性, β多样性

Abstract:

Fuzhou is located on the East Asian-Australasian Flyways.This study explored the characteristics and differences of species,quantity,community structure and diversity of winter birds in different types of urban green spaces of Fuzhou,in order to provide a reference for the protection of winter birds.We investigated bird diversity using the transect line method and sample method in 7 different types of urban green spaces of Fuzhou during 2021 to 2023 in January and February,respectively.The species and quantity of birds in different urban green spaces are recorded.The α diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),Pielou's evenness index(J)and Simpson dominance index(λ).The β diversity was calculated using the Sϕrensen similarity index(C_S),which was decomposed by the BAS method.The result showed that:1)197 species were recorded,belonging to 18 orders,54 families.There are 3 species listed in the first category of key protected wild animals of national importance,and 25 species in the second.There are 90 species in the Palearctic realm,72 species in the Oriental realm,and 38 species with wide distribution.There are 87 resident bird species,as well as 10 summer migrant species,91 winter migrant species,6 passing migrant species and 3 straggler species.2)The urban green spaces with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')is Fuzhou National Forest Park(H'=3.928),and the lowest is the Wushan Historical Area(H'=2.914).The urban green spaces with the highest Pielou's evenness index(J)is Fuzhou National Forest Park(J=0.871),and the lowest is Fujian Changle Min River Estuary National Wetland Park(J=0.709).The urban green spaces with the highest Simpson dominance index(λ)is Wushan Historical Area(λ=0.088),and the lowest is Fuzhou National Forest Park(λ=0.026).3)Beta diversity species turnover(β_sim=0.278)is higher than Beta diversity nestedness(β_sne=0.242).It has been found that Fuzhou has anabundant quantity and variety of winter birds.Urban green spaces with large water areas or those close to water bodies contain more species and quantities of birds than mountain spaces that are far from water.The seven urban green spaces have an overall conservation value,and protection is equally important for all.

Key words: birds, urban green space of Fuzhou, winter, α diversity, β diversity