Top-level Design of the Natural Protected Area System in China

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper interprets the Guidance for Establishing the Natural Protected Area System based on National Parks.According to the practicalities of situation of natural protected areas in China and the principles of reform,innovation and international integration,from the perspective of national top-level design,this paper elaborates the great significance,the core idea and basic connotation of constructing natural protected areas based on the national parks with Chinese characteristics.And It puts forward the classification system and development goals of natural protected area system and clarifies the basic tasks,such as establishing a unified hierarchical and classified management system for innovating the regulatory mechanism of scientific norms,promoting the integration and optimization of natural protected areas,solving the historical issue and constructing the guarantee mechanism of the governance system of natural protected areas.

Key words: natural protected area system, national park, nature reserve, natural park

CLC Number:

TANG Xiaoping, JIANG Yafang, LIU Zengli, CHEN Junzhi, LIANG Bingkuan, LIN Chen. Top-level Design of the Natural Protected Area System in China[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2019, (3): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 3

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Tab.3

类别	管理目标
国家公园	1)保护具有国家代表性的自然生态系统与独特自然景观; 2)实现自然生态系统完整性和原真性保护。
自然保护区	1)保护典型自然生态系统、珍稀濒危野生动植物的天然集中分布区、有特殊意义的自然遗迹; 2)实现生物多样性的重点保护。
自然公园	1)保护重要自然生态系统、地质地貌多样性及承载的生态、观赏、文化和科学价值; 2)实现重要自然资源的合理保护与可持续利用。

新分类系统	现有自然保护地
国家公园	整合现有具有国家代表性的自然保护地(自然保护区、风景名胜区等)及周边具有重要保护价值区域设立
自然保护区	自然保护区、自然遗产地核心区、自然保护小区
自然公园	风景名胜区、海洋特别保护区(海洋公园)、森林公园、湿地公园、地质公园、沙漠公园、草原公园、冰川公园、野生动物重要栖息地、水产种质资源保护区等

问题类别	处理方式	主要依据
水电开发	限期退出自然保护区核心区或缓冲区、严重破坏生态环境的违规水电站	水利部、发展改革委、生态环境部、能源局《关于开展长江经济带小水电清理整顿工作的意见》
永久基本农田	对位于国家级自然保护地范围内禁止人为活动区域的永久基本农田,经论证确定后退出	自然资源部、农业农村部《关于加强和改进永久基本农田保护工作的通知》
矿业权等特许经营权	依法依规解决自然保护地内的探矿权、采矿权、取水权、水域滩涂养殖捕捞的权利、特许经营权等合理退出问题	中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于统筹推进自然资源资产产权制度改革的指导意见》
修筑设施	禁止在国家级自然保护区修筑光伏发电、风力发电、火力发电、高尔夫球场开发、房地产开发、会所建设,商业性探矿勘查,以及污染环境、破坏自然资源或者自然景观的设施等	原国家林业局50号令,《在国家级自然保护区修筑设施审批管理暂行办法》
三区三线调整	评估自然保护地内与生态保护红线管控要求存在冲突区域,调整优化后全部划入生态保护红线	自然资源部、生态环境部印发《生态保护红线评估工作方案》、生态保护红线调整和管控要求

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