Research on Tree Location Based on UWB Sensors

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.02.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Tree location is an important survey factor in forest plot surveys.Due to the complexity of the forest environment,current techniques for tree location are less mature.Aiming at the problems of current tree position measurement methods or technologies,such as low efficiency,inconvenience,high cost,and unsuitability for non-line-of-sight measurement,this paper proposes a method based on UWB sensors combined with an altimeter to obtain tree position information.And designed a tree position sampling device.Eight selected plots with various tree species and different slopes were tested.First,four UWB base stations were arranged in each plot,and then the device carrying the UWB tag was used to sample the distance between each tree and each base station.The collected data were analyzed by MATLAB to investigate the impact of different weight values on positioning accuracy.The results show that the existence of an optimal weight value can reduce the average positioning error by 3.31cm.Compared with other quadrilateral positioning algorithms,the complexity is lower,and it is more suitable for tree positioning under non-line-of-sight situations such as dense foliage and complex landforms.

Key words: forest plot survey, tree location, UWB, quadrilateral ranging, simulation

CLC Number:

ZHENG Siqing, FANG Luming, SUN Linhao, ZHENG Xinyu, LIU Jiangjun. Research on Tree Location Based on UWB Sensors[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2020, (2): 103-111.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Fig.2

Tab.1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.2

Tab.3

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Tab.4

References 21

[1]	韩大校, 金光泽. 地形和竞争对典型阔叶红松林不同生长阶段树木胸径生长的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017,39(1):9-19.
[2]	孙林豪, 方陆明, 唐丽华, 等. 便携式树木胸径测量系统的研制[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018,40(9):82-89.
[3]	孙林豪, 方陆明, 方益明, 等. 基于容栅传感器的立木胸径测量装置研制[J]. 传感技术学报, 2019,32(9):1435-1442.
[4]	徐文兵, 高飞, 杜华强. 几种测量方法在森林资源调查中的应用与精度分析[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2009,26(1):132-136.
[5]	谭伟, 王开琳, 罗旭, 等. 手持GPS在不同林分下的定位精度研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2008,30(S1):163-167.
[6]	范永祥, 冯仲科, 陈盼盼, 等. 基于RGB-D SLAM手机的森林样地调查系统研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019,50(8):226-234.
[7]	陈盼盼, 冯仲科, 范永祥, 等. 基于视觉里程计的森林样地调查系统研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019,50(10):167-174.
[8]	Srinivasan S, Popescu S C, Eriksson M, et al. Terrestrial laser scanning as an effective tool to retrieve tree level height,crown width,and stem diameter[J]. Remote Sensing. 2015,7(2):1877-1896. doi: 10.3390/rs70201877
[9]	Liang X, Litkey P, Hyyppa J, et al. Automatic stem mapping using single-scan terrestrial laser scanning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2012,50(2):661-670. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2161613
[10]	Maltamo M, Næsset E, Vauhkonen J, et al. Forestry applications of airborne laser scanning[M]. Springer Netherlands:Berlin,Germany, 2014:74.
[11]	Mikita T, Janata P, Surovy P. Forest stand inventory based on combined aerial and terrestrial close-range photogrammetry[J]. Forest Science, 2016,7(8):165.
[12]	Surovy P, Yoshimoto A, Panagiotidis D. Accuracy of reconstruction of the tree stem surface using terrestrial close-range photogrammetry[J]. Remote Sensing, 2016,8(2):123. doi: 10.3390/rs8020123
[13]	游小荣, 裴浩, 霍振龙. 一种基于UWB的三边定位改进算法[J]. 工矿自动化, 2019,45(11):19-23.
[14]	李小亭, 郎月新, 韦子辉, 等. 基于改进双向双边测距的超宽带定位技术及应用研究[J]. 中国测试, 2019,45(10):21-27.
[15]	Sun Linhao, Fang Luming, Weng Yuhui, et al. An integrated method for coding trees,measuring tree diameter,and estimating tree positions[J]. Sensors. 2020,20(1):144. doi: 10.3390/s20010144
[16]	李旭虹, 张同丽, 张育芝. 矿井NLOS环境下改进UKF超宽带定位算法[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2018,38(5):824-829.
[17]	何杰, 吴雅南, 段世红, 等. 人体对UWB测距误差影响模型[J]. 通信学报, 2017,38(S1):58-66.
[18]	路泽忠, 卢小平, 付睢宁, 等. 一种改进的RSSI加权质心定位算法[J]. 测绘科学, 2019,44(1):26-31.
[19]	朱忠记, 何熊熊, 章晓, 等. 基于RSSI的四边测距改进加权质心定位算法[J]. 杭州电子科技大学学报, 2014,34(1):17-20.
[20]	杨立身, 魏兰, 贺军义. 基于WiFi的四边测距修正加权质心定位算法[J]. 测控技术, 2016,35(3):152-156.
[21]	李腾宇, 易晓梅, 陈石. 基于RSSI加权质心和GASA优化的WSN定位算法[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2017,53(6):118-121.

样地号	树木数/株	主要树种	坡度/(°)
1	17	T1,T4	5.5
2	15	T1,T5	6.8
3	18	T2,T3,T6	15.3
4	25	T1,T6,T8	28.7
5	33	T7	4.8
6	29	T7	5.9
7	22	T2,T7,T8	18.3
8	20	T3,T7,T8	26.0

样地号	X/cm		Y/cm
样地号	BIAS	RMSE	BIAS	RMSE
1	6.03	18.14	10.63	20.84
2	-11.74	14.73	-4.73	14.73
3	1.36	20.51	4.39	21.31
4	-6.99	20.93	-9.33	22.97
5	8.87	18.79	-10.06	26.02
6	7.52	17.13	0.34	22.57
7	-8.34	28.53	8.41	20.11
8	-14.24	29.41	24.66	35.81
合计	-2.19	21.02	3.04	23.05

样地号	Ed/cm
样地号	Mean	Max	Min	Std
1	25.45	49.24	8.28	11.08
2	24.48	84.07	9.56	17.36
3	27.85	54.53	14.98	10.26
4	27.57	73.15	10.77	14.64
5	28.44	61.44	8.99	15.11
6	25.38	57.07	2.95	12.81
7	31.91	68.82	8.18	14.47
8	28.39	61.52	7.86	15.71
合计	27.43	84.07	2.95	13.93

测量方式	所需人数	单木测量次数/次	总耗时/s	单木平均耗时/s
UWB	1	1	3721.27	20.79
卷尺	3	2	15952.15	89.12