Abstract: The forest has been seriously destroyed in Wulingshan Nature Reserve area. A total of 9 plots were chosen for this study.By comparing species diversiey factors ,the differences among these plots and their correlation with the environmental factors were disclosed ,The results showed that the diversity index of tree layer ,shrub layer and herb layer among various plots was somewhat different. This trend was consistent with the changes of the species diversity and evenness index and species richness index in tree layers.There were differences in the shrub layers and herb layers. The key was the different origins of the forests.Natural forest communities at different developmental stages with the structure of the different components of different sizes from large patches of the mosaic, are a healthy ecosystem. Plantation community with low biological diversity in terms of community vitality and recovery capacity of the organizational structure demonstrates characteristics of an unhealthy system.

Key words: Wulingshan, species diversity, forest ecosystem health