Development and Application of Benefit Evaluation System for Soil and Water Conservation in Small Watersheds —A Case Study of Puwa Small Watershed in Fangshan District,Beijing

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2018.01.019

Abstract

Abstract:

The evaluation of soil and water conservation benefit of comprehensive management of small watershed is not only of guiding significance for promoting the comprehensive management of small watersheds,but also has important reference value for the assessment of green GDP in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in our country.In order to improve the efficiency of evaluating the benefits of soil and water conservation in small watersheds and to standardize the evaluation process.In this study,the basic data are small watershed topographic maps,land use distribution map,soil texture map and field survey data.The author uses relational database technology,spatial database technology and ArcGIS Engine secondary development technology,and together with the distributed hydrological model and revised universal soil loss equation, has developed a benefit evaluation system of soil and water conservation in small watersheds.The system can realize the six functions of data management,hydrological benefits evaluation,soil maintaining function evaluation,ecological service function evaluation,main channel evaluation and economic benefit evaluation.This study will elaborate on two main functions of soil maintaining function evaluation and main channel evaluation.The system is used for evaluating Puwa small watershed,which is the earliest one in carrying out the construction of ecological clean watershed in Fangshan District,Beijing.The results showed that the soil erosion intensity decreased significantly before and after the comprehensive management of small watershed.Land use change and vegetation restoration were the main influencing factors of soil erosion protection.The main channel hydro-geomorphology is generally good,poorly assessed channels are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches where human activities are frequent,and human activities are the main factor affecting the channel environment.

Key words: small watershed comprehensive management, benefit evaluation, soil erosion, channel hydrological topography, evaluation system

CLC Number:

S157
P208.2

ZHU Chunzhu, ZHAO Tianzhong, SUN Ruoxiu, YU Zhancheng, ZHANG Jianjun. Development and Application of Benefit Evaluation System for Soil and Water Conservation in Small Watersheds —A Case Study of Puwa Small Watershed in Fangshan District,Beijing[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2018, (1): 132-140.

Figures/Tables 10

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Tab.1

Soil erosion intensity factor formulas

因子名称	计算公式	变量说明
降雨侵蚀力(R)	$R 年 = α ∑ j = 1 m P d ij β$	$P d ij 为第 i 年第 j$ 日大于等于12mm的日雨量 $m 是第 i$ 年日雨量大于等于12mm的日数 $α, β$ 为回归系数
土壤可蚀性因子 (K)	$K = 2.1 × 10 - 4 M 1.14 12 - OM + 3.25 S - 2 + 2.5 P - 3 / 100$ $M = N 1 100 - N 2$ 或 $M = N 1 N 3 + N 4$	$N 1$ 为粒径在0.002~0.1mm之间的土壤颗粒含量百分比 $N 2$ 为粒径<0.002mm的土壤粘粒含量百分比 $N 3$ 为粒径0.002~0.05mm的土壤粉砂含量百分比 $N 4$ 为粒径0.05~2mm的土壤颗粒含量百分比 $OM$ 为土壤有机质含量(%) $S$ 为土壤结构系数 $P$ 为土壤渗透性等级
坡长因子 (L)	$L = λ / 22.1 m$ $m = 0.2 θ ≤ 1 ° 0.3 1 ° < θ ≤ 3 ° 0.4 3 ° < θ ≤ 5 ° 0.5 θ > 5 °$	$L$ 为坡长因子(无量纲) $λ$ 为坡长(m) $θ$ 为坡度值(°)
坡度因子 (S)	$S = 10.8 × sin θ + 0.03 θ < 5 ° 16.8 × sin θ - 0.5 5 ° < θ < 10 ° 21.9 × sin θ - 0.96 θ ≥ 30 °$	$S$ 为坡度因子(无量纲) $θ$ 为坡度值(°)

Tab.1

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