The Management System and Experiences of Nature Reserves in Russia

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2018.04.024

Abstract

Abstract:

This article briefly introduced the development and management system of Russian nature reserves. The Russian nature reserves had adopted a unified and graded management system,and established a classification management system according to characteristics of different regional and different management objectives. Using the successful experiences of the Russian nature reserve management system as reference,this paper mentioned some suggestions on the construction of a new nature reserve system in China in the aspects of the various functions of nature reserves,the establishment of a unified and graded management system,the improvement of the laws and regulations,the adoption of classified regional management system,and the establishment of the fund guarantee mechanism.

Key words: natural reserve system, national park, nature reserve, nature park, Russia

CLC Number:

S759.9

TANG Xiaoping, CHEN Junzhi, HAN Aihui, WANG Fengkun. The Management System and Experiences of Nature Reserves in Russia[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2018, (4): 154-159.

保护地类型	数量 /个	总面积(陆域) /万hm²	占国土 /%
总计	13079	20670(19550)	11.4
联邦层面	301	6082(4970)	2.91
国家自然保护区	103	3390(2740)	1.6
国家公园	50	1390(1250)	0.73
国家自然禁猎区	64	1300(980)	0.57
自然遗迹	17	2.3	0.001
树木园和植物园	67	—	—
区域或地方层面	12778	9188	5.37
自然公园	50	1530	0.89
自然禁猎区	2831	7243	4.24
自然遗迹	9897	415	0.24

类别	设立条件	批准机构	管理机构	层级	允许活动
国家自然保护区	生物多样性典型代表,包括珍稀濒危及有经济、科学价值的野生动植物及其栖息、生长地	联邦政府	联邦自然资源与生态部	联邦级	科学研究、生态监测,允许工作及执法人员进入,保障设施
国家公园	独特生态系统,特殊美学、科学、文化价值的自然景观,文化遗产	联邦政府	联邦自然资源与生态部	联邦级	分区管控,有限经济、休闲娱乐,原住民生产生活
自然公园	保护具有生态、科研与文化价值的自然区域	联邦主体权力执行机构	各联邦主体资源部门确定	地方级	分区管控,可休闲娱乐和居民农业经营
国家自然禁猎区	保护或恢复特殊意义的自然生态系统及组分,维系生态平衡	联邦政府或联邦主体权力执行机构	联邦或联邦主体资源部门	联邦级或地区级	原住民在保留传统生活方式下利用自然资源
自然遗迹	有生态、科学、文化和美学意义、独特、损失后无法弥补、珍贵的自然综合体	联邦政府或联邦主体权力执行机构	联邦或联邦主体资源部门,可委托他人	联邦级或地区级	允许所有没有破坏作用的行为
树木公园与植物园	保护野生植物及其物种多样性、保存植物基因	联邦政府或联邦主体权力执行机构	联邦或联邦主体资源部门或委托科研教育单位	联邦级或地区级	分区管控,允许科学试验、展览及不破坏植物及生境完好性的活动

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The Management System and Experiences of Nature Reserves in Russia

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