Pollution Status and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils of Guanzhuang Lake Wetland in Liling

doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.01.012

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to understand the current status of heavy metal enrichment in wetland soils,explore the solutions,which will provide a scientific basis for pollution prevention and control measures,through the system investigation,sampling,testing and research the Guanzhuang lake wetland soil in three different soil types (natural soil,seasonal soil,constant flooding soil) 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer of copper (Cu),zinc (zinc),lead (Pb),cadmium (Cd),chromium (Cr) and the content of heavy metal.Through Hakanson potential ecological hazard index method,pollution load index,heavy metal pollution of wetland soil and potential ecological risk were analyzed.The results showed that(1)in the three types of soil,except for Zn in the natural soil and Cr in the frequently flooded soil,the average content of other heavy metals exceeded the background value of the soil in Hunan province to varying degrees,and Cd in the natural soil exceeded 52.2 times of the background value.(2)in the three types of soil,Cd reaches the level of heavy pollution,Cr is in the safe range,and the other three heavy metals reached the warning limit in the constantly flooded soil.(3)the regional pollution load index of soil was 2.42,2.55 and 2.22 in natural,seasonal and often flooded soil,respectively,which were all moderate pollution levels.The contribution rate of Cd is the largest,reaching more than 75% in all three types of soil.(4)the potential ecological hazard of natural soil is the most serious,reaching 429.28,belonging to the situation of strong potential ecological risk,followed by seasonal flooding,and the lowest under constant flooding.Among them,Cd is the element that poses the greatest potential threat to the ecological environment,reaching a high risk level,while other elements are at a slight risk level.It can be seen that heavy metal pollution in the soil has caused a very serious impact on the environmental maintenance of Guanzhuang lake wetland in Liling.The soil and surrounding environment of LilingGuanzhuang lake wetland urgently need comprehensive improvement.

Key words: wetland soil, soil pollution, soil evaluation, heavy metals, potential ecological, risk assessment, Guanzhuang Lake, Liling

CLC Number:

X53
X825

Qianyi YONG, Jiale Tang, Chonghua PENG. Pollution Status and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils of Guanzhuang Lake Wetland in Liling[J]. FOREST RESOURCES WANAGEMENT, 2020, (1): 92-101.

Figures/Tables 12

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Tab.7

Evaluation of potential ecological hazards of heavy metals in wetland soils of Guanzhuang Lake

样本类型	参数类型	潜在生态危险系数( $E r i$ )					潜在生态危害指数(RI)
样本类型	参数类型	Cd	Cr	Pb	Zn	Cu	潜在生态危害指数(RI)
自然土壤	取值范围	387~496	1.08~1.19	1.55~1.80	0.39~0.43	2.78~3.22	429.28
	平均值	423.1	1.14	1.65	0.41	2.98
	贡献率/%	98.56	0.27	0.38	0.10	0.69
季淹土壤	取值范围	236~417	0.72~1.15	2.02~4.22	0.40~0.66	2.77~3.38	347.83
	平均值	340.53	0.89	2.86	0.50	3.05
	贡献率/%	97.90	0.26	0.82	0.14	0.88
常淹土壤	取值范围	60.5~423.5	0.46~0.76	2.53~4.16	0.43~1.05	2.83~5.61	187.57
	平均值	179.47	0.60	3.07	0.61	3.82
	贡献率/%	95.67	0.32	1.64	0.33	2.04

Tab.7

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污染系数	污染负荷指数	污染等级
CF<1	L<1	无污染
1≤CF<2	1≤L<2	轻度污染
2≤CF<3	2≤L<3	中度污染
CF≥3	L≥3	重度污染

土壤类型	元素	样本数量	范围/ (mg/kg)	均值/ (mg/kg)	标准差	变异系数/ %	超标率/ %	湖南省土壤背景值/(mg/kg)	农用地土壤污染风险筛选值/(mg/kg)
自然土壤	Cd	4	3.87~4.96	4.23	0.42	9.9	100	0.081	0.3
	Cr	4	81.05~89.93	85.32	3.43	4.0	100	64	150
	Pb	4	27.91~32.31	29.80	1.59	5.3	100	26	90
	Zn	4	78.72~85.55	81.73	2.65	3.2	0	90	200
	Cu	4	27.84~32.17	29.79	1.73	5.8	100	25	50
季淹土壤	Cd	16	2.36~4.17	3.41	0.52	15.2	100	0.081	0.3
	Cr	16	53.92~86.17	67.11	10.36	15.4	56.25	64	150
	Pb	16	36.39~75.96	51.39	11.8	23.0	100	26	90
	Zn	16	80.26~132.42	99.58	17.21	17.3	56.25	90	200
	Cu	16	27.67~33.84	30.51	1.7	5.6	100	25	50
常淹土壤	Cd	16	0.61~4.33	1.79	0.83	46.4	100	0.081	0.3
	Cr	16	34.37~56.99	45.27	7.3	16.8	0	64	150
	Pb	16	45.54~74.82	55.19	9.3	16.8	100	26	90
	Zn	16	86.17~210.79	122.59	49.3	40.2	68.75	90	200
	Cu	16	29.73~56.10	38.17	8.8	23.1	100	25	50

元素	自然土壤			季淹土壤			常淹土壤
元素	P_i	I_j	污染程度	P_i	I_j	污染程度	P_i	I_j	污染程度
Cd	14.1	15.3	重度污染	11.37	12.69	重度污染	5.97	11.03	重度污染
Cr	0.57	0.58	安全	0.45	0.51	安全	0.30	0.34	安全
Pb	0.33	0.35	安全	0.57	0.72	警戒限	0.61	0.73	警戒限
Zn	0.41	0.42	安全	0.50	0.59	安全	0.60	0.86	警戒限
Cu	0.60	0.62	安全	0.61	0.65	安全	0.76	0.96	警戒限

评价指标	元素	无污染	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染
CF_i	Cd	-	-	-	100%
	Cr	63.9%	36.1%	-	-
	Pb	-	66.7%	33.3%	-
	Zn	44.4%	44.4%	11.2%	-
	Cu	-	91.7%	8.3%	-
L_site	-	-	13.9%	83.3%	2.8%