Table of Content

28 April 2023, Issue 2

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Integrated Management and Administration

Research on Carbon Peak and Carbon Sink Capacity of Major Carbon Emitting Countries in the World

ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Yuxing

2023,(2):  1-9.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.001

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At the level of realistic economy and technology,we must first achieve carbon peaking in order to achieve carbon neutrality.Studying the carbon peak foundation and carbon sink capacity of the major carbon emitting countries in the world has important reference significance for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.This study sorted out the top 24 countries in economic aggregate among the world's 224 countries and regions.Based on the data of CO₂ emissions,total GDP,energy consumption and reserves on forest carbon sink from 1960 to 2018,it found out total GDP and GDP per capita were positively correlated with CO₂ emissions before carbon peak.When GDP per capita reached $\$$20000 to $\$$35000,and low-carbon energy accounted for more than 35%,it would be possible to achieve carbon peak and reduce carbon emissions.In addition,when GDP per capita reached $\$$35000 to $\$$45000,and high-carbon energy (coal and oil) accounted for no more than 55%,it would also be possible to achieve carbon peak and reduce carbon emissions.Energy supply structure was the first determinant of carbon peak time.The results showed that if the proportion of low-carbon energy was higher,it was easier to achieve carbon peak.Nowadays,the forest carbon sink capacity of 24 countries was constantly improving.However,the reserves on forest carbon sink were less than 15% of the country's annual carbon emissions in most countries.It still takes a long time to achieve carbon neutrality.Therefore,special attention should be paid to the healthy,stable,efficient and sustainable management of forest ecosystems.

Study on Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation Mechanism in Hebei Province Based on Carbon Sink Trading under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Targets

ZHAO Zhongbao, GENG Shigang, LI Keguo, LIU Zengqiang

2023,(2):  10-16.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.002

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Forest carbon sink plays an important role in carbon neutralization.Establishment of compensation mechanism for ecological benefits based on carbon sinks is an important guarantee to promote the realization of transformation goals from lucid waters and lush mountains to invaluable assets as soon as possible.At present,China's forest carbon sink ecological benefit compensation mechanism is in the exploration stage.It is urgent to integrate the forest carbon sink into the forest ecological benefit compensation system and establish an effective and stable compensation mechanism.This study discussed the feasibility of taking forest carbon sink as the basis for ecological benefit compensation from the domestic and foreign forest carbon sink ecological benefit compensation policies and implementation status,analyzed the current situation and inadequacy of the forest carbon sink ecological benefit compensation system in Hebei Province,and put forward measures for the forest ecological benefit compensation mechanism based on carbon sequestration trading.It is expected to provide references for Hebei Province to establish a market-oriented and diversified eco-compensation system,and provide suggestions for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.

Practice Discussion

Discussion on the Technical System of Forest Fire Risk Assessment

JIANG Chunying, YANG Xueqing, ZHANG Guoli, SUN Zhichao, JIANG Yun'an, JIANG Aijun

2023,(2):  17-26.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.003

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The risk assessment index system of forest fire was constructed by comprehensively utilizing the hazard of forest fire,the exposure and vulnerability of disaster bodies.The hazard of disaster was based on the contents of combustibles,meteorological conditions,field fire sources,terrain and topography,the exposure of disaster bodies was based on the contents of above-ground living biomass,number of buildings,population,GDP,and the vulnerability of disaster bodies was based on the proportion of flammable forest land,proportion of combustible building area,proportion of the elderly and young population,vulnerability of economic activities.Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process and expert scoring,this paper determined the weights of each evaluation indicator.It refined the accuracy of forest fire risk assessment to multiple spatial scales such as small class,30 arc second geographic grid,township level,county level,etc.to meet the accuracy requirements of forest fire prevention management at different administrative levels of the country,province,city,and county.At the same time,this paper proposed the best solution for forest fire risk identification in different regions and periods.

Practice and Discussion on the Construction of "One Map" Intelligent Management Platform for Grassland Resources Management —Take the Intelligent Grassland Management Platform of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as an Example

WANG Lin, GAO Jinping, TIAN Haijing, WU Qiang, SHI Junhua, ZHOU Xin, FAN Yunbao, XIE Jingjie

2023,(2):  27-35.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.004

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It is the basic requirement of high-quality grassland management in China to realize the fine management based on the grassland subcompartments (map spot).Taking the opportunity of basic grassland condition monitoring (background survey) launched throughout the state authorities of grassland administrative at the provincial level in 2021,and taking the construction of intelligent grassland management platform of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as an example,this paper proposed a provincial grassland information management solution under the grassland survey and monitoring system in the new era of China.The new concept of "one map" of grassland resources management put forward was first put into practice in the Corps,providing strong support for the normalization,dynamic and intelligent monitoring and management of grassland resources.The platform has good universality and can provide references and practical experiences for provinces that are conducting grassland condition monitoring.

Discussion on the Design and Practice of Natural Protected Area Management Platform

GU Jie, LU Qiuling, HU Xuyao, LIU Huxiang, LIU Nan

2023,(2):  36-42.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.005

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The study introduced an intelligent and integrated management system,took the management of provincial natural protected areas as a case study,explored the comprehensive information management of natural protected areas,studied the standardized construction and integrated management of multiple types and databases of natural protected areas,analyzed the characteristics of different data types of natural protected areas,and developed the natural protected areas management platform consisting of four independent module systems of data,resources,monitoring,and management according to the management needs of natural protected areas.This platform technically solves the problems of traditional managing and data updating of multiple data types in various departments,organizes and streamlines the online process of the establishment,adjustment,revocation,and construction projects of natural protected areas,and realizes the comprehensive management of natural protected areas from multiple perspectives by a single platform,which supports the intelligent and convenient management of natural protected areas and improves the comprehensive management level of natural protected areas.The built platform is applicable to the management of provincial natural protected areas.It can be extended to the management departments of natural protected areas in all provinces,promote the development of the construction and management of the national park-based natural protected area system in China.

Scientific Research

Analysis of General Status and Examination of Estimation Errors for One-Variable Tree Volume Tables in China

ZENG Weisheng, YANG Xueyun

2023,(2):  43-49.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.006

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Tree volume tables are important basic tools in forest inventory and monitoring.One-variable tree volume tables have been used in continuous forest inventories (CFIs) of China for more than 40 years,but we have never systematically tested the applicability in nowadays.In this paper,the general status of currently used one-variable tree volume tables were analyzed from the aspects of quantity,zoning,tree species,and model type;and most of one-variable tree volume tables were examined by using the tree height data of 138 911 sample trees.The results showed that the total number of one-variable tree volume tables used in China's CFI reached 707,and the number of provincial volume tables varied greatly,from 3 to 171;there were 18 provincial regions divided into several modeling populations,while others were based on whole provincial regions;there were also great differences in the number of tree species groups for developing tree volume tables in each provincial region,with the least being 3 and the most being 31;a total of 25 models were used to develop tree volume tables,but nearly 90% of the tree volume tables were based on 5 models;about 70% of the one-variable tree volume tables exceeded the allowable error limit of ±5%,and 10 of 31 provincial regions and four forest industry groups exceeded the range of ±10% of the volume estimation errors,among which the maximum negative bias was -14.86% and the maximum positive bias was 23.22%.Based on the results of analysis,it is suggested that at the end of this inventory,a comprehensive and systematic applicability test should be carried out on the current one-variable tree volume tables;and unified revision should be made on the tree volume tables with significant deviation,so as to optimize and adjust the division of modeling populations,tree species grouping and the volume model type;and the change of volume estimation method from one-variable table to two-variable table should be actively promoted.

Biomass Distribution Characteristics and Carbon Measurement Parameters of Chinese Fir Plantation

LAN Xiao, HAO Haikun, HUANG Kaiyong, CHEN Qin, DAI Jun, CHENG Lin, CHEN Shichang

2023,(2):  50-56.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.007

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The purpose of this study is to explore the biomass distribution regularity of Chinese fir plantation and establish its biomass prediction model,and to provide a basis for scientific prediction and reasonable evaluation of its carbon sequestration capacity.In the study,the Chinese fir plantations of different ages and different site conditions in the typical cultivation area in Guangxi were selected as the research objects,the characteristics of rhizome ratio,wood basic density,carbon content,biomass conversion and expansion factor were analyzed by means of field biomass survey and indoor measurement.The results showed that the stem biomass of Chinese fir at different ages was the highest (40.00%~67.40%),followed by the root (14.70%~22.70%).The average rhizome ratio was 0.263,and the average wood basic density was 300.5 kg/m³.There was no significant difference in the fitting effect of different relative growth equations on stem,bark,branch,above-ground biomass,underground biomass and total biomass.The average carbon content ofall organs was 50.57%,which increased with the increase of forest age.The relationship between stem biomass and stand volume was the best with power function,and the relationship between above-ground biomass,underground biomass,total biomass and volume was best with hyperbolic model.

Sampling Optimization of Stand Biomass Survey Based on Regional Characteristics Analysis

WU Heng, LIU Lang, LU Chi, WANG Baoyun

2023,(2):  57-63.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.008

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Forest biomass monitoring is the basic work to correctly understand and manage forest ecosystem.Analyzing existing data is an effective way to improve sampling efficiency.In this study,regional characteristics analysis tool was used with the data from the sixth to ninth continuous forest inventories of Sichuan Province in 2002,2007,2012 and 2017,respectively.Combined with the regional characteristics analysis,some samples from the selected samples by stratified sampling were selected to form annual sampling plots.Probability sampling estimation was applied for sampling efficiency analysis.The results show that the regional characteristics analysis can effectively reduce the variance within each stratification,which can be used as the prior information of spatial stratification sampling.With 95% reliability,the average accuracy of spatial stratified sampling of stand biomass estimation was 93.41%,which greatly reduced the workload of field survey,effectively improved sampling efficiency.

Study on Fuel Loads Models of Pinus yunnanensis in the Southwest of Sichuan and the Impact Factors

XIAN Mingrui, DANG Wei, DAI Bin, LIU Bo, LIN Guoliu

2023,(2):  64-69.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.009

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This study investigated the fuel loads of Pinus yunnanensis in the Southwest of Sichuan and the impact factors,the result would provide scientific data and guidance for the fuel loads estimation and management in the Southwest of Sichuan.Based onthe fuel data of 669 sample plots from forest fire risk survey,multiple functions were selected for modeling and their fitting effects were evaluated,and the relationshipbetween different fuel loadings and influencing factors was analyzed.The result showed that:1)The total fuel loads means of Pinus yunnanensis was 75.50t/hm²,the smallest was artificial low-canopy closure young forest and the largest was natural high-canopy closure mature and overripe forest.2)The largest proportion of the fuel loads was the forest,followed by the litter,and the smallest proportion was the grass.3)The model showed that the total fuel loads could be better estimated by the fuel load of forest;The fitting effects of the linear model was the best among the five models.4)The influencing factors with high correlation with fuel loads were forest basal area,mean diameter at breast height,canopy closure,forest density and slope position.The surface fuel loads means of Pinus yunnanensis was between 5~10t/hm²,there was greater risk of forest fires,regular removal the litter should be strengthened to reduce the risk of forest fires.

Habitat Characteristics and Effects on Growth of Arundinaria faberi in Different Slope Positions of Subalpine Meadow

YAN Keyu, CHEN Pingping, LI Jianxing, ZHANG Limei, LIU Hui, CHEN Zhengfa

2023,(2):  70-78.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.010

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As a dominant plant species in subalpine meadows on the low-latitude plateau,it is of great guiding significance to clarify the habitat characteristics and key growth factors of different slope positions of Arundinaria faberi for its community protection.The research object was Arundinaria faberi in the subalpine meadow of Gaoben Mountain in Xundian,Yunnan.By investigating the characteristics of growth and habitat factors of Arundinaria faberi in different slope positions,the key growth factors of Arundinaria faberi were identified by correlation heat map.The results showed that:1) The air temperature and relative humidity tended to decrease with the increase of the slope position,while the wind speed and solar radiation intensity increased with the increase of the slope position.2) The soil particle composition of different slope positions was mainly composed of silt particles.The soil bulk density increased with the increase of the slope position.The soil moisture content,large aggregate content and soil chemical indicators all increased first and then decreased with the increase of the slope position.The meadow soil was obviously acidic,and the soil quality level reflected by the physical and chemical characteristics of the middle slope soil was relatively higher.3) With the increase of the slope position,the morphology and community characteristics of Arundinaria faberi showed a significant deterioration trend.4) Correlation heat map analysis showed that air temperature,solar radiation intensity,wind speed,soil bulk density and available phosphorus had a great influence on the corresponding growth characteristics of Arundinaria faberi among which air temperature,solar radiation intensity,wind speed and soil bulk density were the most influential key factor for growth.

Study and Evaluation on Drought Resistance of Exochorda Lindl.

SUN Yi, LIU Boyang, SHI Qingsong, CHEN Yan, BAO Zhengyan, WANG Yang

2023,(2):  79-87.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.011

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The 2-year-old seedlings of Exochorda racemosa and Exochorda serratifolia were used as experimental materials.Under the condition of artificial water control,pot experiments were conducted with five water gradients of 100%(CK),75%(Light drought,LD),50%(Moderate drought,MD),25%(Severe drought,SD)and 0%(Extreme drought,ED)for drought stress treatment.The morphological indexes,SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters of two species of Exochorda under drought stress were measured.The drought resistance indexes were screened and evaluated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that:1) With the intensification of drought stress,the plant height,leaf number,leaf water content,SPAD value,F_m and F_v/F_m of two species of Exochorda decreased,while F_o increased,but the time difference of moderate drought treatment(MD) was not significant.2) Correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between the drought resistance indicators,and there was a significant correlation between morphological indicators and physiological indicators.3) The results of principal component analysis showed that the seven drought resistance indicators could be divided into two categories,with a cumulative contribution rate of 96.17%.F_o,F_m,F_v/F_m,leaf water content and SPAD value were selected as five main drought resistance indicators to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of the two species of Exochorda Lindl.Exochorda racemosa could grow normally under severe drought (SD),and Exochorda serratifolia could grow normally under moderate drought (MD).

Diurnal Variation of Soil N₂O Emission Fluxes and Its Influencing Factors in Pinus tabulaeformis Plantation

LI Xiaoyang, MA Xiuzhi, YANG Yupei, LI Changsheng

2023,(2):  88-95.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.012

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In the context of global warming,the diurnal variation of annual soil N₂O emission flux in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was revealed,and the optimal daily sampling period was determined based on the daily dynamic data of N₂O emission flux observation,which provided basic data for accurate assessment of regional soil N₂O flux.The N₂O emission fluxes in the growing season and freezing-thawing period of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in 2020—2021 were measured by static box gas chromatography (GC).The results showed as follows:1) During the growing season (June-September 2020),the average N₂O emission flux of the observation days all appeared during 15:00—17:00 of the same day;During freeze-thaw period (November 2020 to March next year),the observed values from 8:00 to 12:00 on the observation day were close to the daily mean value of N₂O flux.2) In 2021,the average N₂O emission flux of observation days appeared in the period of 7:00—9:00 on July days and 15:00—17:00from June days to September days.According to the results,the best sampling time of N₂O in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Daqing Mountain was 9:00 AM or 15:00 PM in the growing season and 8:00 am in the freezing-thawing period.The obtained flux value could represent the average N₂O flux of the day after correction.According to the analysis results,temperature in the growing season and the freeze-thaw period and the N₂O emission flux effect value,it can be determined that temperature is an important factor for the N₂O emission of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Daqing Mountain.

Technical Application

Forest Vegetation Type Monitoring in the Natural Forest Protection Project Area

WANG Xiaohui, ZHANG Huiru, PANG Yong, QIN Xianlin, LI Haikui, MENG Shili, YU Tao

2023,(2):  96-103.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.013

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Based on moderate resolution remote sensing images,forest vegetation type monitoring was performed to provide technical support for achievement monitoring of the natural forest protection project area and forest vegetation mapping.Based on Landsat8 OLI images in growing and non-growing seasons,random forest and time dimension correction methods were applied to forest vegetation type monitoring in Wangqing Forestry Bureau.Based on confusion matrix and recall ratio,factors leading to classification confusion were analyzed.The results showed that:1) Overall accuracy of forest vegetation type monitoring was 86.41%,and kappa coefficient was 0.82,illustrating a better classification effect.2) Among various forest vegetation types,deciduous broadleaved forest land had high classification accuracy,with producer's and user's accuracy of over 90%,respectively.Deciduous coniferous forest land had relatively high producer's accuracy of 86.96%.Evergreen coniferous forest land and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest land had relatively low producer's and user's accuracies of average 75.19%.Classification confusion between evergreen coniferous forest,deciduous coniferous forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,and coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest frequently occurred as the result of mixed proportion,forest canopy closure and forest age.3) Forest coverage of Wangqing Forestry Bureau was 96.64%.The area proportion of deciduous broadleaved forest land was the largest,that of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest land was the secondly largest,and that of deciduous coniferous forest land,evergreen coniferous forest land,shrubland and other forest land was small.The analysis showed that multitemporal and phenological information of moderate resolution remote sensing images was effective in obtaining forest vegetation types of the natural forest protection project area.

Above-Ground Biomass Prediction of Arbor Forest in Altay Mountain Area Based on High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data

ZHANG Huifang, ZHU Yali, ZHANG Jinglu, GAO Jian, DILIXIATI·Baoerhan

2023,(2):  104-110.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.014

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In order to accurately and conveniently estimate forest biomass at the regional scale,remote sensing characteristic variables such as vegetation index and texture were extracted based on high-resolution remote sensing data and field survey data,and the nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) was used to construct a forest aboveground biomass prediction model.The results showed that using k-NN to quantitatively estimate the biomass of tree forests at the regional scale,when k value was 2 and the characteristics were B1 (band 1),SR (simple vegetation index),NDVI (normalized vegetation index) and B4 (band 4),the forest biomass estimation results were optimal.The above ground biomass was 8 039 000 tons,and the average biomass per unit area was 82.15 t/hm².When the main age group of arbor forest wasmature forest,its area and biomass ratio werethe highest.The unit biomass of arbor forest was higher in the altitude range of 1 500 ~ 2 400m.

Assessment on Habitat Suitability of Macaca thibetana in Xianxialing Provincial Nature Reserve Using MaxEnt Modeling

YU Zhucheng, XU Linli, LUO Shuigen, WANG Meifang, ZHOU Xiao, CHEN Danna, JIN Wei

2023,(2):  111-117.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.015

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The Macaca thibetana is an endemic species to China.Assessment on habitat suitability Macaca thibetana is very important for the conservation,which plays an important role in the rational and scientific protection of this species.To improve the conservational strategy,by using the MaxEnt model,this study evaluated and analyzed the habitat suitability based on site data obtained by infrared camera monitoring technology and three environmental factors such as vegetation,terrain,and human interference for the Macaca thibetana in Xianxialing provincial nature reserve in Jiangshan city.The results showed:the MaxEnt model could accurately predict the spatial distribution of habitat suitability for Macaca thibetana.The moderate and high suitable habitats for Macaca thibetana were mainly distributed in the southeast,northeast,and northwest of the Reserve with high altitude and broad-leaved forests.The area of moderate and high suitable habitats was 3 041.10 hm²,accounting for 43.96% of the total area of the Reserve.Factor variable contribution analysis showed that altitude,distance from road,and slope aspect were the main factors affecting habitat quality,with contribution rates of 33.30%,29.40%,and 12.40%,respectively.Based on the results of the distribution of habitat suitability,we suggested that management department should further rationally plan the functional areas of the reserve through preventing the expansion of the bamboo forest area from causing the degradation of the broad-leaved forest,improving the connectivity between the northwest and southwest suitable habitats,and providing a safe and smooth corridor for the migration of the Macaca thibetana population.

Evaluation and Optimization of Regional River System Forest Landscape Pattern in Forest Urban Agglomeration of Pearl River Delta

XIE Zhuohong, LIU Lijie, MO Yanqing, CHEN Chumin, MA Zhenhuan, LIU Ping

2023,(2):  118-125.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.016

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To carry out forest landscape evaluation and optimization of regional river system in the Pearl River Delta forest urban agglomeration is to provide the oretical basis for forest quality improvement and high-quality development of the Pearl River Delta forest urban agglomeration.Based on the data of "one map" of forest resources management in Guangdong Province in 2021,the landscape classification and landscape pattern analysis were researched in accordance with the land type,dominant tree species,age and density.Among them,the dominant species were divided into 6 categories:eucalyptus,broad-leaved mixed forest,other broad-leaved forest,Chinese fir,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,and coniferous mixed forest.The results showed that the regional river system forest landscape in the Pearl River Delta forest urban agglomerations was rich in diversity,medium in evenness and connectivity,and the forest landscape patches were simple in shape,mainly small patches,and the patch fragmentation degree was high.The forest landscape was dominated by other broad-leaved forests,accounting for 40.77%,followed by eucalyptus forest,accounting for 24.61%,and the canopy density was mainly medium forest.The ratio of young forest,medium strong forest and mature forest was 1∶2∶1.Through forest quality improvement projects such as high-quality water conservation forest construction,low-yield and low-efficiency forest transformation,and middle and young forest tending,tree species,age group and density structure were adjusted to further optimize the evenness and connectivity of forest landscape.

Research Briefing

Research Progress on Invasion and Control of Invasive Alien Plant Dolichandra unguis-cati(L.)L.G.Lohmann.

LUO Minxian, LIN Bihua, CAI Minghui, DONG Pengmin, LI Guoqiang, LIU Bao, ZHENG Shiqun

2023,(2):  126-131.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.017

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Dolichandra unguis-cati is an invasive alien vine native to tropical America.It was first introduced into cultivation as an ornamental plant,and then,with the expansion of growing areas,it has seriously harmed the urban ecological landscape and species diversity.In recent years,with the economic globalization and climate change,D.unguis-cati has shown a serious invasion in the south,especially in some major coastal cities.If not prevented,it may develop into a serious invasive species.At present,there is little research on D.unguis-cati in China,and little understanding of its characteristics.On the basis of collecting relevant literatures at home and abroad,this paper summarized and analyzed the main research status of D.unguis-cati from three aspects:reproductive strategy,growth strategy and competition strategy.The results showed that tuber propagation strategy,motility,polyembryology,low leaf building cost and litter legacy effect were the main causes of the invasion.Through research and analysis,the purpose is to reveal the origin and general characteristics of the invasiveness of D.unguis-cati,and clarify the control technology and utilization value.At the same time,this paper explored the research blank points,in order to provide a reference for further in-depth study of the invasion characteristics of D.unguis-cati,to provide a scientific basis for early warning,control and value utilization.

Investigation and Study on the Celtis in Hebei Province of China

LI Xuesai, GAO Yunchang, ZHANG Shuzi, DU Juan

2023,(2):  132-137.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.018

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Celtis L.are important landscape tree species,with important industrial and medicinal values.On the basis of access to relevant literature,field investigation and specimen verification of Celtis L.were carried out to clarify the species of Celtis L.in Hebei Province.The result showed that C.bungeana Bl.and C.koraiensis Nakai were important native tree species.C.cerasifera Schneid,C.sinensis Pers.and C.julianae Schneid were found in Hebei,with C.cerasifera Schneid as wild species recorded newly and C.sinensis Pers.and C.julianae Schneid as cultivated species over the years.The species of Celtis in Hebei increased from two species to five(including cultivated species).It was confirmed through analysis that C.cerasifera Schneid was distributed in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain of Hebei Province.

Species Diversity and Its Associated Factors of Castanopsis orthacantha Community in Central Yunnan

PENG Zexi, LUO Hang, LI Xiaoying, XU Yanhong, YIN Wuyuan, ZHU Hongqin, CHEN Yuqiang, CHEN Xiaoqin

2023,(2):  138-146.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2023.02.019

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In order to accurately grasp the species diversity level of Castanopsis orthacantha community and its relationship with related factors in central Yunnan,based on the investigation of typical plots,the Margalef richness index,Pielou evenness index,Shannon-Weiner diversity index and species diversity comprehensive index were used to measure the species diversity level of Castanopsis orthacantha community,and the grey correlation analysis method was used to explore the relationship between species diversity level and site factors,stand factors and forest disturbance intensity.The results showed that:1) The species composition of Castanopsis orthacantha community was rich,involving 75 families,141 genera and 202 species,and the species composition of shrub layer was the most complex.The tree species composition of the arbor layer had the characteristics of typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.And there were significant differences in species composition and important values in different regions.2) The richness index,diversity index and evenness index of shrub layer (including regeneration layer) were the highest,and the species diversity of Castanopsis orthacantha community was at a medium level.The species diversity of different survey areas in the study area was different.The contribution rate of herb layer and shrub layer (including regeneration layer) to the comprehensive index of community species diversity was the highest.3) There was a strong correlation between species diversity and six factors in three levels of site factors,stand factors and forest disturbance intensity.The order of correlation degree was altitude>forest disturbance intensity>average DBH>aspect>plant density>slope.Through research,the aim is to provide a basis for the restoration and conservation measures of Castanopsis orthacantha community in central Yunnan.