Table of Content

28 April 2019, Issue 2

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Integrated Management and Administration

Dynamics of Forestland Transfer and Its Influence in East China

ZHANG Jinliang, WU Wenyao, KONG Yuguang, GONG Yanping, WEI Mingliang, LU Hongchun

2019,(2):  1-6.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.001

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Based on the research of the forest inventory data of the seven provinces in East China,it was found that forestry land and non-forestry land were transferred into each other with the times.Most of the transfers were between arbor woodland,special shrub land,the immature forestland and the developed land that includes the farmland and the land used for building.The transfers in Shandong and He’ nan provinces were more significant than those in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces,and the transfers were slight in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces.It was a positive correlation between the change of forest cover rate and the number of the above-mentioned transfers.Moreover,the transfers were near balance.Once the balance was destroyed,a significant influence will be exerted to the provinces with low forest cover rate.

Study on the Characteristics of Forest Fires in China and Their Relationship with Major Climatic Factors

DU Jianhua, GONG Yinting, JIANG Liwei

2019,(2):  7-14.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.002

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Based on the fire data and CRU grid meteorological data,the time characteristics,Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis are used to comprehensively analyze the time characteristics of the 1950-2017 forest fires and their climate driving factors.A fire casualty prediction model is established.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation among the number of forest fires,the area of forest damage,injury,death and casualties,with similar changes or linear trends.Since 1950,the number of forest fires,forest area and casualties in the country have shown a significant downward trend;After 1988,the fires are relatively small,which may be related to the fire cycle,global climate change and the national fire prevention after the “5-6” devastating fire.Policy changes are closely related.The number of forest fires in China during the period from 1950 to 1987 was positively correlated with the precipitation in the growing season,and the precipitation in the non-growth season was negatively correlated.After 1988,except for the precipitation in May and September,the occurrence of forest fires was basically negatively correlated with the precipitation.The number of forest fires in the country between 1950 and 1987 was positively correlated with the temperature at the end of the growing season.After 1988,the number of forest fires was negatively correlated with the average temperature,high temperature and low temperature of the previous year and the growing season or growing season.The reduction in combustibles caused by the negative effects can be the reason for explaining the negative correlation between temperature and the number of forest fires.The number of forest fires in the country between 1950 and 1987 was positively correlated with PDSI in the previous year and reached significant levels in June,September,November and December.After 1988,the number of forest fires was negatively correlated with monthly PDSI.In the context of climate warming,the trade-off between the amount of combustibles and the moisture content is the key to the occurrence of a forest fire.The change in fire prevention policies and the “warm-dry” phenomenon triggered by high temperatures may change or challenge traditional fire-climate laws.With the duality of the impact of fires on the forest,while at the same time of fire prevention,we must increase the study of forest fires,and scientifically and rationally manage forest fires.

Quality Evaluation of the State Non-commercial Forests Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method—A Case Study of Guangdong Province

MEI Hao, PENG Tailai, GUI Laiting

2019,(2):  15-20.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.003

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The evaluation of the quality of the state non-commercial forests is an important part of the monitoring of the effectiveness of the state non-commercial forest construction.Based on the state non-commercial forest information database,eight factors were selected to construct the state non-commercial forests quality evaluation system.With the data of Guangdong Province as an example,the quality of the state non-commercial forests in Guangdong Province was evaluated by the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The evaluation results showed that the quality of the state non-commercial forests in Guangdong Province was between "Grade II" and "Grade III".Among the ecological locations,the quality of national nature reserves and world natural heritage sites is the best,while the quality of coastal shelterbelt and mangrove is relatively poor.The ranking of comprehensive evaluation values is:National Nature reserves,World Natural Heritage sites > important reservoirs > both banks of rivers > desertification and serious soil erosion areas > coastal shelter forest base trunk forest belt and mangrove forest.

Study on Readjustment of the Area and Function Zones of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve and Its Impacts

TIAN Shurong, LI Zijie, KANG Zujie, LIAO Qingyi, LI Diqiang

2019,(2):  21-29.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.004

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In order to mitigate the conflicts between biodiversity conservation and community development,and correspond conservation and management to principal protection target,a proposal of readjustment of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve has been developed.The readjustment will increase the area of the nature reserve from 40 847hm² to 66568hm²,and decrease the residents in core zone and buffer zone from 15 329 to 5 809.The proposal will lead to optimization of the protection work and promotion of harmonious development of local community in both economy and society through enhancing the functions of the nature reserve.

A 5-year Cross-section Health-data Based Ecological Restoration Assessment of Huangshui National Wetland Park in Xining City,Qinghai Province

ZHANG Zhifa, LIU Xiaojun, MAO Xufeng, WEI Xiaoyan

2019,(2):  30-38.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.005

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Wetland health is an important indicator reflecting the overall state of the wetland ecosystem,which provides an important basis for wetland restoration and scientific management.Taking the Qinghai Xining Huangshui National Wetland Park (HNWP) in western China as the research object,this paper constructs a Comprehensive Health Index (CHI) that consists of 20 indicators from ecological environment,service function and social environment,and evaluates the health status after the implementation of the wetland restoration and restoration project after 5 years.Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Consultation Method (ECM) were utilized to determine the weight of each index.Based on field data,experimental data and questionnaire data collected from wetland areas of HNWP in 2013 and 2018,Net Variation Value (NVV) was applied to evaluate the ecological restoration effect of the sampling area.Results showed an obvious improvement from Normal status (0.45) in 2013 to Good status (0.76) in 2018.The CHIs for Haihu Wetland,Xigang Wetland,Ning Lake and Huoshaogou Wetland are 0.76 (Good),0.68 (Good),0.63 (Good) and 0.56 (Normal),respectively.The largest improvement appeared in functional indicators (NVV=0.17) and the least improvement appeared in eco-environmental indicators (NVV=0.07). The above research provides an important basis for the future differentiation and precise management of the wetland park.

Scientific Research

Remote Sensing inversion of Classification and Stocking Volume of Tropical Virgin Forest Types Based on Multivariate Data

CHEN Xinyun, LI Liwei, LIU Chengfang, WANG Liuru, DING Jing

2019,(2):  39-46.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.006

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Study on the spatial distribution and inversion of forest ecosystem stocks play a crucial role in carbon stock estimation,biodiversity and global climate change research.However,due to the diversity of forest vegetation types,especially in tropical primary forest areas that are beyond the reach of human,forest survey data is missing,the estimates and inversions of forest stocks still present significant challenges.This study takes the tropical primitive rain forest area of 18.80 million ha in the West Syepik Province of Papua New Guinea as the study area,and uses the high-resolution remote sensing images of RapidEye,QuickBird and Landsat TM combining the field survey data to classify the land cover types in the study area.Based on the forest vegetation parameter information obtained by remote sensing image,the remote sensing inversion model of forest stock quantity is established in cooperation with the ground sample plot.The optimal inversion model is selected to estimate the forest stock volume,and combined with GIS technology to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the small class scale.The results show that the land cover types in the study area can be divided into low-altitude plain forests,low-altitude highland forests,low-mountain forests,sparse forests,swamp forests and other types,with a classification accuracy of 79.2%.The multivariate regression model R² of the stock volume remote sensing inversion model is 0.694,which has a good inversion accuracy for the forest stock volume.The distribution of forest stocks in the study area is characterized by a higher central area than the surrounding,northern and central eastern regions,which is significantly higher than the northwest and southeast regions,which corresponds to the distribution of land cover types in the study area.The forest stock inversion model used has important reference value for the estimation of forest resource stocks in tropical forest areas.

Study on Spatial Balance Sampling of Forest Resources Survey in Haikou

LI Yuanling, CHEN Zongzhu, LEI Jinrui, CHEN Xiaohua, YANG Qi, WU Tingtian

2019,(2):  47-53.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.007

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At present,the sampling method of forest resources survey in China has some disadvantages,such as poor adaptability and strong spatial correlation.With the improvement of investigation accuracy and the change of social and economic conditions,the theory and method of spatial balance sampling (SBS) came into being.In this paper,the performance indexes of sampling accuracy,sampling efficiency and spatial correlation of 3 different sampling schemes of spatial balance sampling and traditional sampling are compared and analyzed by taking Haikou as the research case.The results show that:1) in the simulated sampling of various areas of Haikou,the sampling accuracy from high to low is the spatial balance sampling > system sampling > simple random sampling;2) in the simulated sampling performance evaluation,the spatial correlation,sampling accuracy and sampling efficiency of spatial balance sampling are better than simple random sampling and system sampling.This study aims to explore more economical and applicable methods for forest resource survey,in order to provide scientific basis for forestry development.

Study on the Coupling Relation between Stand Structure and Productivity Function of Chinese Fir and Phoebe bournei Mixed Forest

WANG Yiru, LI Jiping, CAO Xiaoyu, LI Qiyuan

2019,(2):  54-59.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.008

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This paper aims to study the relationship between stand structure and productivity function,determine the rational stand structure of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei mixed forest,and to provide the basis for maintaining the stability of community structure and improving forest productivity.With the mixed forest of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei in Jindong Forestry Farm of Yongzhou City,Hunan Province as the research object,the coupling effects between stand structural factors such as average DBH,average height,canopy closure and mingling intensity and productivity function were analyzed by using the survey data and principal component analysis method.The coupling relationship model of stand structure and function was established,and the structure and productivity function of stand were analyzed.The results showed that the stand structure factors were closely related to productivity function.The stand with high productivity comprehensive evaluation index has the following structural characteristics:medium density (1 500 trees/hm²),canopy closure of about 0.7,and multi-layer forest structure which is conducive to maintaining better productivity function and is the best stand structure of Chinese fir-Phoebe bournei mixed forest in Jindong Forest Farm.

Response of Radial Growth of Natural Larix principis-rupprechtii to Climatic Change

CHEN Zhongzhen, SHI Junjie, JIA Cun, LI Yongxiang, LIU Jiacheng, JIN Hui, LI Yongning

2019,(2):  60-66.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.009

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Under the trend of climate warming and drying,the study on response of forest management tree species to climate change helps contribute to the development of adaptive management technologies and to the reaction to climate change.Natural Larix principis-rupprechtii trees were selected to establish the tree ring width chronology at Longtoushan Forest Farm in Weichang County.Correlation analysis,Mann-Kendall test and stepwise regression were used to analyze the response of radial growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii to climate change.The results indicated that:(1)The temperature in the region has increased significantly with an abrupt change in 1980,and the precipitation has decreased with an unobvious trend for nearly 60 years.(2)The radial growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii was jointly affected by temperature and precipitation,and had significantly negative correlation with most temperature factors and significantly positive correlation with most precipitation factors.The precipitation in March and April was an important limiting factor for radial growth in this region.(3)There was significant negative correlation between extreme high temperature and radial growth in the growing season.The wetness index was significantly positively correlated with radial growth.(4)The prediction model of tree ring width growth was constructed using average temperature of current growing season,total precipitation in March and April,and wetness index as independent variables.It was found that the radial growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii would become slower with the warmer and drier climate.

Radial Growth Responses of Pinus densata to Climate Change in Haba Snow Mountain,Southwest China

WANG He, ZHOU Jun, QIN Xinhao, ZHANG Yun

2019,(2):  67-72.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.010

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Based on the dendrochonological method,we collected tree ring samples at upper and lower distributional limits of Pinus densata in Haba Snow Mountain to reveal the key climatic factors affecting tree radial growth by studying the relationship between residual chronologies and climatic factors.The results showed that radial growth of P.densata at the upper distributional limits was mainly affected by the hydrothermal condition in previous August,its growth was also significantly correlated with monthly maximum temperature in current March (positive),monthly mean temperature in current May (negative),and precipitation in current June (negative). At lower distributional limits,hydrothermal condition in current May was the main factor affecting its radial growth,while precipitation in December of previous year also promoted its growth.The relationship between the radial growth of P.densata and climate factors was stable.This study is a favorable supplement to the tree ring research in Hengduan Mountains,and it can also provide a theoretical basis for forest protection under future climate change.

Study of Data Updating for Forestry Land Resources on Single Map Based on Growth Model

WU Heng, ZHU Liyan, LIU Zhijun, WU Xueqiong

2019,(2):  73-79.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.011

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Single map of forestry land resources is important for forest resources management.Application of stand growth model in updating stand factors of forest resources is meaningful in forest management practices.24 growth models were established based on data set of 4th forest resources survey in Kunming,which illustrate dynamic growth process of average stand height,DBH,number of trees per hectare,volume per hectare and mean increment of volume by model link.Fitting goodness of height growth is between 0.21 and 0.64.Fitting goodness of DBH growth is between 0.37 and 0.78.Fitting goodness of volume growth per hectare is between 0.44 and 0.92.There is a difference of 0.37 million cubic meters between predictions through stand growth model and observations.There is a difference of 2.91 million cubic meters between predictions through volume growth rate in Yunnan province and observations.24 models for different tree species could meet the requirement of data updating for single map of forestry land,which could provide support for policy making in forest management by mastering fluctuation of forest resources.

Establishment of the Model for Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Populus euphratica Based on UAV Remote Sensing

ZHU Yali, ZHANG Huifang, ZHANG Jinglu, DI lixiati·Baoerhan

2019,(2):  80-87.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.012

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The purpose was to construct an estimation model of the crown diameter(CD) of Populus euphratica and aboveground biomass (AGB).328 sample trees were selected from the sample plots of P.euphratica distribution area,and the CD of P.euphratica by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing data was taken as the independent variable,combined with the aboveground fresh biomass obtained from the P.euphratica biomass model,and,the estimation model of different function forms is constructed and precision analysis is performed through correlation and regression analysis methods.The best models for estimating the biomass of P.euphratica with UAV remote sensing were the cubic functions in Moyu County,Bachu County,and Luntai County.The accuracy was 94.93%,95.63%,and 92.24% respectively.The optimal estimation model for aboveground biomass of different ages of P.euphratica is determined.It was feasible to estimate the biomass by using UAV remote sensing,which provided technical support for the management and ecological value evaluation of P.euphratica.

Study on Tree Growth Model of Larix Gmelinii Plantation Based on Trunk Analysis

SA Rula, XU Jiarui, WANG Zhihui, ZHANG Ke, YU Xianjun

2019,(2):  88-92.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.013

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Larix gmelinii in Daxing’anling forest area,as a constructive species,is expanding its area of plantation resources,which has become an effective supplement to forest resources in Daxing’anling forest area.In this paper,based on the original data of stem analysis compiled by Inner Mongolia Second Forestry Survey and Design Institute,SPSS 19.0 data statistical software was used to fit tree growth equation.The tree growth models of tree height and DBH of Larix gmelinii plantation were established and the two models were tested and evaluated,and it was found that their regression coefficients (R²),mean square errors (MSE) and fitting efficiencies (EF) were all in accordance with the model test criteria,proving that the models have high stability and estimability.The results showed that the height growth model of Larix gmelinii plantation is H=22.588(1-e^-0.032t);the DBH growth model of Larix gmelinii Plantation is D=26.94$e^{-\frac{9.83}{t}}$.

Study on the Characteristics of New Branches of Empetrum nigrum var.japonicum in Three Types of Habitats

AN Huijun, YANG Linlin, ZHOU Lei, ZHANG Xueying, CHE Yachao

2019,(2):  93-98.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.014

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Empetrum nigrum var.japonicum has medicinal value,which grows slowly and has narrow distribution .It is a rare and endangered plant in China.With the Empetrum nigrum var.japonicum as the object of study,the new branches were divided into three types:extended branch,caespitose branch and axillary branch.Comparison of the proportion of new branch types,leaf traits and biomass in three habitats,provides useful information for cultivation and protection.The results showed that the extended branch and caespitose branch were the most common type of new branches,and SP=2,SP=3 was the most common type in the three habitats.There were fewer new branches in the forest edge and stone gap than in the sparse forest,the leaf area and the ratio of leaf length to width of the stone gap were the largest,the biomass of flower bud was the largest,the biomass of branch was smaller than that of the sparse forest,and the sexual reproduction ability was stronger.The ability of producing new branches is high and the ability of asexual reproduction is strong.There was no significant difference in the average length of new branches between different habitats and different types,but the diameter of elongated branches in sparse forests was significantly higher than that of forest edge and stone gaps,and there was also significant difference between extended branches and caespitose branches (P<0.05).

Study on the Space-temporal Evolution Feature of the Rocky Desertification in Typical Karst Area of Eastern Yunnan

ZHANG Ruijiao, ZHANG Chao, LU Shuangfei, ZHONG Enzhu

2019,(2):  99-108.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.015

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Rocky desertification is one of the three major problems of land degradation in southwest China,and has long been a focus issue in academic circle.Rocky desertification may lead to the decline of water conservation capacity of the top soil,water shortage and low land productivity,which helps to accelerate the process of regional poverty.Thus,the knowledge of its distributive characteristics and development trend is of great significance for our scientific understanding and control work.Based on the data of the remote sensing images in Shizong county in 1995,2005 and 2015 respectively,this paper gives an analysis of the regional space-time change of rocky desertification in the past two decades by using the method of the decision trees to extract the distribution data of rocky desertification (6 grades are included:zero,potential,light,moderate,intensive and high-intensive). The spatial and temporal dynamic model of rocky desertification and the transfer matrix are used.The study results are as follows:(1) On time dimension,there is a great reduction in the potential,light and moderate rocky desertification,also a reduction in the intensive and high-intensive rocky desertification,but in a small range.There are increases both in zero desertification and the dynamic degree of integrated rocky desertification.Besides,a significant change in the dynamic degree of potential and mild rocky desertification can be found.(2) On spatial dimension,the severely-stricken areas of rocky desertification are mainly distributed in the following towns:Longqing,Wulong and Zhuji.As some distinctive features in the spatial distribution pattern,rocky desertification in these regions covers a wide range and complete grades.Meanwhile,in the central part,it shows a weak distribution grade of the linked rocky desertification areas.In the western and eastern parts,it presents a character of continuous distribution in moderate,intensive as well as high-intensive rocky desertification.

Technical Application

Remote Sensing Monitoring Technology of Pine Wood Nematode Disease by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Shapingba,Chongqing

WU Honggan, MOU Xiaowei, YANG Qingyu, WANG Chengbo

2019,(2):  109-115.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.016

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Based on the analysis of the severe situation of pine wood nematode control in Chongqing,the detail steps of remote sensing monitoring of dead pine trees by UAV in Shapingba area are introduced.The spatial distribution of dead pine trees is analyzed.It shows the discrete distribution characteristics caused by vector insect transmission.The experience and tactics of low altitude remote sensing monitoring in complex terrain mountainous areas are summarized.It is important to study temporal and spatial distribution of the epidemic.

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Quick Construction of Visual Scenes for National Forest Parks

LIU Qianfei, LONG Xiaomin, DENG Zhongjian, YE Jiangxia

2019,(2):  116-122.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.017

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The characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote sensing are convenient operation,easily controlled altitude,speed and photographic overlap control,as well the ability of multi-angle,tilt photography,high resolution and fast data processing,making UAVs widely used in modeling three-dimensional scene on the ground.In this paper,important landscape resources images of Shanxi Taihang Honggu National Forest Park were captured with portable DJI Phantom 4 pro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).Combined with Bentley Context Capture and PTGUI three-dimensional modeling software,the tourism landscape 3D models and panoramic scene were carried out,then we analyzed and summarized the modeling techniques,and introduced the result prospect application in Web tourism system and electronic navigation APP for Shanxi Taihang Honggu National Forest Park.The application of UAV remote sensing technology in building the visualization scene of forest park has the superiority of fastness,high efficiency and low economic cost,which can enhance the interactive realistic experience of virtual tour for users,and is of great practical significance for promoting the development of forest tourism industry.

Forest Virtual Simulation System Based on CAVE2

LI Yongliang, SHEN Kang, ZHANG Huaiqing, YANG Tingdong, LI Sijia, ZHANG Hong

2019,(2):  123-131.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.018

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Combining CAVE2 immersive virtual simulation hardware with forest management requirements,a forest virtual simulation system based on CAVE2 was designed and realized,which provided a virtual simulation platform for forest management.The performance and characteristics of CAVE2 hardware system were analyzed,and the overall structure of the developed system was presented.The functions and realization flows of four system modules that were tree morphology and structure,forest landscape,forest growth and forest management simulation,were designed separately.The software system was developed by using the Unity three-dimensional development engine.Taking a sample plot of Chinese fir plantation as the experimental object,system application was carried out.The results showed that this method effectively realized the integration of CAVE2 virtual reality hardware system and Unity visual simulation software system,and could carry out the visual simulation of interactive forest management and growth prediction in immersive three-dimensional virtual simulation environment.This virtual simulation system with immersion and interaction can provide a new scientific research and application platform for forest management,and can be used to guide forest management practices.

Research Bulletin

Dynamic Change of Leaf Area Index in the Growing Season of Typical Forests in Beijing Mountainous Area

JIANG Liwei, ZHANG Jiaqi, ZHAO Yichen, ZHAO Yonglei

2019,(2):  132-136.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.019

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Leaf area index (LAI) provides structured quantitative information for material and energy cycling on plant canopy surface,and is an important parameter for estimating vegetation canopy function,and also one of the most important structural parameters in ecosystem.In this study,Beijing Xishan experimental forest farm was taken as the research area,and five typical stands in the study area were taken as the research object.The results showed that:(1) the leaf area index of different forest types in growing season was trees>herbaceous plants>shrubs,the average leaf area index of four tree types in growing season was ranked as Quercusvariabilis > Robiniapseudoacacia > Pinustabuliformis > Platycladusorientalis;(2) In the whole growing season,the leaf area index of the four tree stands showed the same trend of change,showing the trend of "increasing-stabilizing-decreasing";(3)the variation coefficient of the leaf area index of shrubs was higher than that of trees and herbaceous plants,and the variation coefficient of the 5 stands was Vitex negundo var.heterophylla > Quercusvariabilis > Robiniapseudoacacia > Platycladusorientalis> Pinustabuliformis;the purpose of the research is to provide reference for forestry management departments and data support for forest management.

The Theory and Simulation Studies of Stomatal Conductance at Night

GONG Yinting, ZHENG Guilian, REN Zhengxing

2019,(2):  137-141.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.020

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Stomata is an important organ in plant physiological process.It is important to analyze the stomatal behavior of plant leaves in order to simulate their physiological and ecological processes and hydrological cycles.Traditional theory thinks that the stomata of plants is closed,while more and more evidences show that the stomata is not completely shut down,and this phenomenon may exist widely in plant.Previous theories and researches have not fully explained the night stomatal conductance response to various environmental factors,and the relationships between them still have some obscure places.In this study,we then synthesized the recent developments and lessons in night stomatal conductance theory and simulation,including the change characteristics and driving factors of night stomatal conductance on the time scale,and analyzed the stomatal conductance model.Future research will focus on time scale expansion and related model simulation analysis.

Water Loss Characteristics of Excised-leaves of 15 Evergreen Woody Plants in Kunming,Yunnan Province

LI Shiyou, LUO Jing, ZHANG Qiaorong, JIANG Ting, WANG Kunlun, Wang Qiuhua, HU Yane

2019,(2):  142-146.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.021

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Based on the phenomenon that the broad-leaved forest was as flammable as Pinus.yunnaneneis forest,P.armandii forest,P.yunnanensis var. pygmaea forest under certain conditions,the excised-leaves of 15 evergreen woody plants collected from Ternstroemia gymnanther,Illicium simonsii,Camellia pitardii,Cinnamomum glanduliferum,Rhododendron siderophyllum,Castanopsis orthacantha,Lithocarpus mairei,Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides,Rhododendron spinuliferum,Myrica nana,R.decorum,Michelia yunnanensis,P.yunnaneneis,P.armandii,P.yunnanensis var. pygmaea respectively were sampled to study the water loss characteristics in Kunming,Yunnan province.The mass of each fresh samples and its mass heated in 0.5h,1h,1.5h,2h,3h,4h,5h,17h at 80 ℃ were weighed.The water loss characteristics of 15 samples were analyzed according to the water loss rate of each sample in each period,the water loss rate of each sample in each second and absolute moisture content of each sample in each period.The results showed that the water loss rate of 15 samples was fast firstly then turned to be slow and coniferous leaf samples hold water better than broad-leaved samples.From the perspective of water loss,3 kinds of coniferous leaves were slower than 12 kinds of broad leaves and the flame retardancy was opposite.The water loss rate of excised-leaves under the action of heat can be used as an indicator to evaluate the plants combustibility.

Landscape Pattern Optimization of Qionghai City Based on GIS

LI Xiangyang, WU Jiang, WU Zhaobai

2019,(2):  147-151.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.022

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Landscape pattern optimization is an effective method to promote the regional sustainable development.This paper,taking Qionghai city as an example,uses spatial analysis model of GIS and cluster analysis and accumulative cost distance model for carrying out the analysis of landscape pattern optimization so as to provide reference for the local ecological construction.The results show that:(1) Using cluster analysis to choose a suitable reference for the selection of ecological sources in Qionghai city,and the landscape component construction is the most suitable one when its scale of grid is 800m.There are 65 ecological sources in Qionghai city,and the main influencing factors of space distribution of ecological sources are man-made jamming and landform.(2) Ecological resistance surface is clustered into 5 regions,which include low resistance region,light low resistance region,moderate resistance region,light high resistance region and high resistance region.Suitable measures are taken to construct each region.(3) There are 136 ecological corridors and 136 ecological nodes in Qionghai city,and they are combined with ecological sources to form a ecological network.With Wanquan River as the frontier,ecological corridors and ecological nodes are distributed in northeast,middle part and south of Qionghai city.Their stroma is farm land,forest land or garden plot.According to their stroma and surrounding environment we should take different construction and regulatory motheds.

Fitness Trail Design in Urban Landscape—Take Wangjing Area of Beijing as an Example

QIU Tianqi, CUI Qingwei, LU Zeyang

2019,(2):  152-158.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2019.02.023

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The paper briefly describes the fitness trail history and status and uses literature analysis and field research.According to the planning and design principles,it takes Beijing Wangjing area as an example to analyze the existing problems of the fitness trail system.Based on the public fitness demands,it puts forward suggestions on replanning and integrating the landscape resources and fitness trails in the area with a view to provide reference for urban planning management services.