Table of Content

25 December 2022, Issue zk1

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Integrated Management and Administration

Research on the Path of Promoting Green Development of State-Owned Forest Farms in the New Era

LI Bing, WANG Yaming, ZHANG Lingman

2022,(zk1):  1-7.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.001

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In 2015,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Reform Plan of State-owned Forest Farms”,which officially launched the reform.By 2020,the reform has been basically accomplished.During the time,ecological functions of state-owned forest farms have been significantly enhanced,people's livelihoods has been well improved,and a number of management innovations have been tested,the reform goal of "protecting ecological services and maintaining people's livelihoods" were achieved.Grounding our work in this new stage of development,there are still some difficulties and problems that can’t be ignored in the reform and development of state-owned forest farms.For example,the reform results are not yet solid,and the resilience and vitality of forest farms are still insufficient.Based on stakeholders communications,field studies,desktop research and surveys,the overall situation of promoting green development through the reform was reviewed,and main problems and challenges were analyzed.Policy suggestions are put forward in order to promote the high-quality development of state-owned forest farms,which could serve as a theoretical ground and provide policy supports in further reform and promoting green development of state-owned forest farms.

Summary on the Development of the Forest Management Plan

TANG Xiaoping, OUYANG Junxiang

2022,(zk1):  8-18.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.002

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Since its emerging in France and Germany in the 17th century,the forest management plan has become the core system of sustainable forest management in the world after more than three centuries. China has introduced the forest working plan since the 1920s. In the course of more than 100 years,the theory,technologies and requirements of the preparation of forest management plan have been developing continuously. At present,China has formed the basic framework of forest management plan from the legal,technical and policy levels,and the system of the forest management plan has been preliminarily established for the preparation,review,approval,implementation,monitoring,evaluation,revision,adjustment and re-implementation. With the development and innovation of theories such as classified management,close to nature management,multi-functional management,ecosystem management and forest landscape restoration,some new application trends have emerged in the preparation and implementation of forest management plans in China. Relevant institutions and organizations have carried out the preparation and implementation of different types of forest management plans by applying different theories and technologies. New methods andtechnologies such as modeling,visualization,intelligence and cloud computing have also being gradually applied in decision-making and scheme preparation of the forest management. In particular,since 2019,guided by the theories of landscape ecology,ecological restoration and sustainable forest management,and with the main goal of restoring the integrity of the ecosystem and improving the function of forest ecological services,National Forestry and Grassland Administration has adopted scientific and optimized decision-making methods to carry out the preparation and implementation of new forest management plans for some state-owned forest farms in Jiangxi,Guizhou and Hebei,which have effectively expanded the theoretical support and application fields of China's forest management plans.

Basic Concepts of Forest Landscape Restoration and Its Future Application Prospects in China

ZHAO Jie, FU Bo

2022,(zk1):  19-23.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.003

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Forest landscape restoration(FLR) should follow eight principles that are paying attention to landscape,restoring ecological functions,paying equal attention to multiple benefits,flexible application of various technical measures,stakeholders participation,adapting measures to local conditions,protecting natural forests,and proceeding step by step.China's total forest resources and forest quality are still insufficient to meet demand.The challenges China is facing in FLR include the need for more effective policies,cross-departmental coordination and management mechanisms,more recovery measures tailored to local conditions,and more effective stakeholder participation.Forest landscape restoration has a broad application prospect in China,including clarifying the positioning of forest landscape restoration methods,popularizing the concept of forest landscape restoration,carrying out pilot demonstration practice to carry out the necessary technical support to drive the exploration of landscape restoration,and formulating specific operational guidelines.Through discussion,it is expected to provide a broader perspective for the implementation and expansion of forest landscape restoration in China.

The Compilation and Implementation of Innovative Forest Management Plan Based on FLR and SFM

WANG Kaixuan, HU Yue, HU Lei, ZHANG Yahao, HAN Zemin, LI Bin, LI Xiaohui, ZHANG Zhuowen, DIAN Yuanyong

2022,(zk1):  24-31.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.004

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Forest management is the central task of state-owned forest farms.Scientific preparation and strict implementation of forest management plan is a key link.Exploring a mechanism to effectively improve the governance capacity of state-owned forest farms and accurately improve the service function of China's plantation ecosystem is an important means for state-owned forest farms to scientifically manage forests,improve forest quality and achieve sustainable forest development.Anzidong Forest Farm was taken as an example in our study.Under the guidance of Forest Landscape Restoration(FLR) and Sustainable Forest Management(SFM) concept,a new Forest Management Plan had also been formulated.Meanwhile,the ecological,economic and social benefits provided by Anzidong Forest Farm to surrounding communities were also evaluated,and the successful experiences had been popularized.The implementation of the new Forest Management Plan can achieve the ultimate goal of improving the water source conservation,soil and water conservation,increasing soil fertility and protecting biodiversity of the forest ecosystem.It is expected to provide an example reference for realizing the scientization and standardization of state-owned forest farms management.

Thoughts on the Compilation of New Forest Management Plan of State-Owned Forest Farms—Taking Mulan Weichang State-Owned Forest Farm as an Example

CHEN Shaozhi, WU Keyi, HAN Dongyang, ZOU Wentao

2022,(zk1):  32-38.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.005

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State-owned forestry enterprises,state-owned forest farms,forestry management enterprises,forestry cooperatives,family forest farms,etc.are the basic units and subjects of responsibility and rights to carry out sustainable forest management.These main bodies(forest management units) make and implement forest management plans,which is the inevitable requirement to ensure the consistency and sustainability of forest management objectives,and is also the fundamental compliance to adjust objectives and optimize management according to reality.According to the compilation of the forest management plan of GEF new state-owned forest farm in Mulan Forest Farm,Hebei Province,the author summarized the experiences and practices in compiling the case,analyzed the problems and solutions in the compilation process,and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for compiling the new forest management plan.

Analysis on the Management Mechanism for Accelerating the Green and High Quality Development of State-Owned Forest Farms in the New Period

HU Yanjie, ZHANG Kun, LI Ming, ZHAO Guangshuai, WANG Yixuan

2022,(zk1):  39-45.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.006

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State-owned forest farm is an important part of forestry in China,which plays a very important role in improving ecological environment,maintaining regional ecological stability and safeguarding ecological security.This paper firstly reviewed the situation of state-owned forest farm management system,analyzed the challenges faced by state-owned forest farms for achieving green and high quality development,and then discussed the new management mechanism to accelerate the green and high quality development of state-owned forest farms,in view of the aspects including forest farm system,sustainable forest management mechanism,financial capital input and personal training.In the end,some suggestions and recommendations were put forward to promote the reform of state-owned forest farms,in terms of establishing sustainable forest management system,innovating the management system,improving the talent policy,ensuring forest management funds,improving the policy on salary distribution and encouraging social capital input.

Countermeasures and Suggestions for High-Quality Development of State-Owned Forest Farms

ZHAO Rong, LI He

2022,(zk1):  46-51.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.007

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Based on data from the monitoring and the field survey on the reform of state-owned forest farms,this paper evaluated effectiveness of the reform and found that state-owned forest farms still faced such problems as infrastructure construction,forest preservation and protection,forest management,industrial development,personnel management,and policy design.Therefore,this paper recommended several strategies as follows:improving the protection and cultivation system of forest resources in state-owned forestry farms and strengthening supervision over forest resources;vigorously developing ecological industries and increasing the supply of green and high-quality forest products;strengthening capacity building and improving incentive mechanism;expanding financial and monetary support channels for the continuing development of state-owned forest farms and capital investment;optimizing the design of financial support policy and improving the efficiency of financial funds.It is aimed that these strategies are useful for promoting the high-quality development of state-owned forest farms.

Brief Analysis of Deepening the Reform of State-Owned Forest Farms and Promoting Green Development

LIN Jin, XU Bing, YI Xutong, LIU Jiahuan, LIU Peng, WANG Xiaokun

2022,(zk1):  52-58.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.008

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State-owned forest farms are valuable forest resources,the country's most important ecological security barrier and forest resource base,and have an irreplaceable position,basic and strategic role in the National Ecological Security Administration.In order to deeply understand the development of state-owned forest farms after the reform,we studied the reform of state-owned forest farms,sorted out the basic situation of the reform of state-owned forest farms after the reform of state-owned forest farms,the development status of state-owned forest farms,the necessity of green development,the problems of state-owned forest farms,and put forward policy suggestions to promote the green development of state-owned forest farms.

Analysis on the Effect of High-Quality Development of State-Owned Forest Farms in Zhejiang Province

HU Weijiang, LI Jiayi, NIU Mingyue, LIU Haiying

2022,(zk1):  59-65.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.009

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State-owned forest farms are an important force for ecological restoration and construction,and an important basis for maintaining national ecological security.On the basis of introducing the general situation of state-owned forest farms in Zhejiang Province,this paper analyzed the remarkable achievements of high-quality development of state-owned forest farms in Zhejiang Province from the aspects of ecological protection,deepening reform,green development,and industrial co-prosperity.At the same time,in view of the existing problems,it is proposed to further promote the development path of state-owned forest farms with Zhejiang characteristics in the future from the aspects of solving the imbalance in the development of state-owned forest farms,improving the quality of forest resources,making up the shortage of infrastructure,in order to provide experience for the high-quality development of state-owned forest farms in China.

Scientific Research

Service Function Value Assessment of Carbon Sequestration and Oxygen Release of Forest Vegetation in the State-Owned Forest Farms of Zhejiang Province

JIANG Jingjian, LI Zirui, NIU Mingyue, HU Weijiang, ZHANG Yong

2022,(zk1):  66-71.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.010

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Taking the state-owned forest farms in Zhejiang Province as the research object,the values of forest carbon sequestration and oxygen release service were evaluated by using the forest resource data and the measured data of the sample plots,with the biomass models and the carbon tax method.The results showed:The carbon storage of broad-leaved forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,pine forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and others in Zhejiang state-owned forest farms were 110.45 t/hm²,92.31 t/hm²,74.66 t/hm²,56.95 t/hm² and 44.69 t/hm² respectively.Those were significantly higher than the average carbon storage of Zhejiang forest vegetation (44.47 t/hm²).The state-owned forest farms,accounting for 3.69% of the total forest area in Zhejiang,contributed 5.01% amounts of CO₂ absorbed and O₂ released by forests in Zhejiang.The average amounts of CO₂ absorbed and O₂ released by forest vegetation of the state-owned forest farms of Zhejiang Province were 14.89 t/(hm²·a) and 10.87 t/(hm²·a) respectively.The value of carbon fixation and oxygen release was 67.81×10⁸ yuan/a.The value of carbon sequestration was 42.16×10⁸ yuan/a,and the value of oxygen release value was 25.65×10⁸ yuan/a.The order of the amounts and values of carbon sequestration and oxygen release was the broad-leaved forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>pine forest>Cunninghamia lanceolata forest>others.

An Assessment of Water Conservation Capacity of the Forest Ecosystem of Gonglongping State-Owned Forest Farm in Guizhou Province

TANG Jiajun, TIAN Yukun, SHANG Yanjun, CHEN Hongyan, CHAI Zongzheng

2022,(zk1):  72-78.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.011

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Based on the forest resource survey data,we evaluated water conservation function and its spatial difference of Gonglongping state-owned forest farm by comprehensive method for water storage capacity assessment.It showed that 1) forest area of the forest farm was 3233.3hm²,with a total water conservation capacity of 3369.647×10³m³,and a water conservation capacity of 1042.17 t/hm² per unit.Water storage capacity of canopy,litter layer and soil layer of forest were 1244.936×10³m³,95.173×10³m³ and 2029.537×10³m³,respectively.2) Temperate coniferous forest,warm coniferous forest and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest contributed 81.39% of water storage capacity of the forest ecosystem.In terms of water conservation capacity per unit area,warm coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest as well as evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest were the highest.3) Water conservation capacity in the forest farm showed an obvious spatial difference:in the western area it was the highest and significantly higher than that in the eastern and central areas,and in the central area it was the lowest.Overall,it will be a long-term goal of the forest farm to improve water conservation capacity.It is necessary to pay more attention to forest management and promotion of water conservation capacity by optimizing stand structure and improving stand quality.

Exploration on the Assessment of Recreation-Based Forest Resource Assets-Taking Jingangku Forest Farm of Wutai Mountain State-Owned Forest Farm Administration as an Example

ZHANG Quanlin, LIU Lihua, AN Xiongtao, LIU Yang

2022,(zk1):  79-84.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.012

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This paper first reviewed the assessment of recreation-based forest landscape resource assets in China and abroad.Then it chose simulation development method as basic method to assess the value of forest landscape resource assets of Nanlianggou Forest Recreation and Conservation Base of Jingangku forest farm,Wutai Mountain State-Owned Forest Farm Administration.This paper also put forward suggestions to promote the work of forest resource asset evaluation from the aspects of improving relevant policies,standards and norms.It concluded that the simulation development method was applicable to forest landscape resource assessment,and was a relatively economic,practical and easy to operate evaluation method,which had certain reference significance in the evaluation of similar forest assets.

Effects of Different Tending Methods on Tree Growth and Soil Nutrients in Secondary Birch Forest

WANG Hui, CHEN Aitao, XU Li

2022,(zk1):  85-90.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.013

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This paper analyzed the effects of different tending methods on the tree growth and soil physicochemical properties in birch forest,based on a research conducted in a birch forest of Hebei Mulan Weichang State-owned Forest Farm.The results showed that:1)Effects on DBH:No significant difference between UM and CK,while the effect of quality management(QM)was significantly higher than the CK after 4 years.2)Effects on tree height:There was no significant difference on tree height growth.3)Effects on crown width:QM>UM>CK after 2 years,significantly;QM and UM both were significantly higher than the CK after 4 and 6 years,but there was no significant difference between QM and UM.4)Effects on average annual volume growth:No significant difference among QM,UM,and CK after 2 years.However,QM was significantly higher than UM and CK after 4 and 6 years.5)There was no significant difference of effect on PH value in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers.6)In the 0~20 cm soil layer,the content of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were all QM>UM>CK,with significant differences.In the 20~40 cm soil layer,there was no difference in the content of available potassium;the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen was QM>UM>CK,with significant differences;effective phosphorus content was CK>UM>QM,with significant differences;the organic matter content of QM was significantly higher than that of UM and CK,but there was no difference between UM and CK.

Litter and Soil Hydrological Effects of Different Types of Shelterbelts in Northern Yanshan

LI Yanru, ZHAO Peng, LI Haishan, CHEN Zhe, DONG Dapeng, GU Jiancai, LU Guiqiao

2022,(zk1):  91-101.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.014

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The litter and soil hydrological effects of five types of shelterbelts were studied,including Larix principis-rupprechtii forest,Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest,Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest,Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest,Betula platyphylla forest.Research methods were soaking method and the ring knife method.The results showed that:1) The litter accumulation ranged from 11.26 to 17.75 t/hm²,with that of the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest being the highest,followed by the Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest,and that of the Betula platyphylla forest being the lowest.The accumulation of undecomposed layer in the Larix principis-rupprechtii forest and the Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest were greater than that of the semi-decomposition layer,and the law of the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest,the Betula platyphylla forest,and the Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest were opposite.2) The maximum water-holding capacity of the litter was 31.27~51.75 t/hm²,and the effective storage capacity was 23.69~27.70 t/hm²,both of them were the highest in the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest,the lowest in the Larix principis-rupprechtii forest.The water-holding capacity(rate) and retention capacity(rate) of semi-decomposed layer were greater than those of undecomposed layer.The water-holding capacity and water-holding rate of litter were logarithmic and exponential functions with soaking time,respectively.3) The soil bulk density ranged from 1.18 to 1.23 g/cm³,and the total porosity ranged from 43.75% to 58.47%.The soil effective water-holding capacity ranged from 64.71 to 131.09 t/hm²,with that of the Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest being the highest,followed by the Betula platyphylla forest,and that of the Larix principis-rupprechtii forest being the lowest.The soil infiltration rate and infiltration time showed a power function relationship.4) By sequence,water conservation capacity order of the five forests was Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest>Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest>Betula platyphylla forest>Pinus tabuliformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest>Larix principis-rupprechtii forest.Broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest had better water conservation capacity.

The Study on Ecological Landscape Assessment of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County in Hebei Province

XI Xiaoxu

2022,(zk1):  102-108.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.015

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This study carried out the single and comprehensive evaluation in a quantitative way based on the methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Geographic Information System technology(GIS) on the scale of administrative village,taking Fengning Manchu Autonomous county as an example.There were five ecological elements including mountain,river-wetland,forest,grassland and farmland.The results showed that the evaluation results were in line with expectation.The method mentioned in this study could contribute to data support and provide management basis in ecological evaluation on the scale of county,worth of further extension and application.

Technical Application

Application of Forest Simulation Optimization System(FSOS) in the Preparation of Innovative Forest Management and Restoration Plan

WU Liqin, LIU Guoliang, LIU Qiang, HUANG Xuanrui

2022,(zk1):  109-116.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.016

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In this study,the forest functional areas of Huangtuliangzi forest farm were divided based on the concept of landscape watershed.The logging tasks of different forest types were optimized by using forest simulation optimization system(FSOS) and simulated annealing algorithm.The results showed that the forest functional area of Huangtuliangzi forest farm was divided into soil and water conservation forest functional restoration area,forest park recreational forest area and germplasm resource cultivation area,in which the proportion of soil and water conservation forest functional restoration area was the highest,reaching 95.0%;The main forest types are divided into five types:artificial single-layer Pinus tabulaeformis water conservation forest,Robiniapseudoacacia sprouting water conservation forest,artificial Larix gmelinii and Pinus tabulaeformis mixed water conservation forest,artificial larch water conservation forest,and artificial broad-leaved mixed water conservation forest.The proportion of artificial single-layer Pinus tabulaeformis water conservation forest was the highest,reaching 34.1%,and the proportion of artificial broad-leaved mixed water conservation forest was the lowest,only 0.2%.The annual logging volume optimization results of artificial single-layer Pinus tabulaeformis water conservation forest,Robiniapseudoacacia sprouting water conservation forest,artificial Larix gmelinii and Pinus tabulaeformis mixed water conservation forest,artificial larch water conservation forest and artificial broad-leaved mixed water conservation forest were 3 500 m³,1 200 m³,600 m³,1 000 m³ and 100 m³,respectively.If the logging tasks optimized by FSOS system were strictly followed,the above forest types could achieve sustainable harvest in the next 60 years.The optimization results of five different forest types showed that FSOS system could effectively adapt to complex stand structure,predict stand growth,combine short-term tasks with long-term objectives,and comply with the concept of Innovative Forest Management and Restoration Plan scheme.

Application of Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology in China—A Case Study of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County,Hebei Province

LI Jia, TIAN Yuan, XI Xiaoxu, LIU Jing

2022,(zk1):  117-125.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.017

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This article introduced the Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology(ROAM),and the process and results of applying it to assess a pilot landscape(Fengning Manchu Autonomous County,Hebei Province).The assessment showed that with the implementation of comprehensive forest landscape restoration measures by Fengning County,a FLR investment of 750 million Yuan could deliver an annual economic and ecological benefit of 2.16 billion Yuan,that would be an input-output ratio of 1∶1.23 over a ten-year period.The assessment covers such elements as biophysical conditions,socio-economic causes of landscape degradation,development needs of local communities and economic and environment benefits from restoration products,so as to develop a feasible and effective restoration interventions.This study showed that ROAM has great application potential in the planning of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland integrated restoration,and other major national ecosystem restoration projects.

Application and Evaluation of Forest Landscape Restoration Technology in Yihe River Basin

QIAO Dong, HU Guobao, TIAN Yaowu

2022,(zk1):  126-134.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.018

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Using data from forestry and other sectors,the first-level zone based on physical geographical condition and the second-level zone in Yihe River Basin were determined.The second-level zoning mainly takes eco-service functions into account.74 forest landscape restoration areas were zoned with township boundary.Nine techniques of forest landscape restoration were designed,so as to evaluate the value of ecological services before and after the FLR action in Yihe River Basin.The evaluation showed that primary forest improvement,active management and agroforestry were key points of FLR in Yihe River Basin.After the restoration,total value of eco-services of the forest landscapes was 40.62 billion Yuan,which was 1.33 times of the value prior to the restoration intervention.In summary,experience from the Yihe case is the zoning of landscape restoration area based on natural geography and eco-service functions at watershed scale,together with township boundary,and the development and implementation of FLR technology.The experience provides some guidance on future FLR in Yihe River Basin and other landscapes as well.

Foreign Referenc

Exploration of Forest Land Use Planning in Papua New Guinea Based on the FSOS Model

JIN Zhonghao, LIU Guoliang, XIAO Wenfa, YU Xin, ZENG Wenjie, YANG Xinyu, CHENG Fushan, ZHU Jianhua

2022,(zk1):  135-140.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2022.S0.019

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Based on the China's forest simulation and optimization platform FSOS(Forest Simulation Optimization System) using simulated annealing algorithm,this paper preliminarily discussed the forest land utilization planning at the national level in Papua New Guinea.Scenario 1:Continue to maintain the existing mode of natural forest management.Scenario 2:Select part of the wasteland suitable for forest to manage plantations and protect natural forest,and carry out short-term(25 years) and long-term(200 years) utilization and protection planning of its woodland,and compare it with the scheme of planting palm oil.The simulated analysis showed that if scenario 1 was adopted,maximum timber output would be 10 million m³ per year,and almost all of the natural forests would lose at the end.If scenario 2 was adopted,the timber output of plantations would significantly increase and most of the natural forests have been effectively protected,with the natural forests being effectively conserved.The result of simulated analysis provides a reference for planning natural forest protection and timber plantation establishment of PNG.