Forest and Grassland Resources Research

Discussion on Forestry Ecological Culture Development in China

YU Tao, QI Pengfei

2016,(6): 1-4. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.001

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Culture is the essence of man's states of existence,is the result of the interaction between human beings and nature.Man was led to living in harmony in the course of interaction of human and nature,and was sustainably enpowered on the development and liberation with culture.The article discusses the concept and characteristics and analyses the fundamental factors of forestry ecological culture construction,and puts forward the proposal of forestry reform and suggestions of the development.

Exploration on Some Problems in Deepening the Reform of Collective Forest Property Right System—Take Xinjiang as an Example

ZOU Jianjian, LIU Weizhong, MAIMAITI Rouzi

2016,(6): 5-9. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.002

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This paper describes the process and substantial results of collective forest property right system in Xinjiang,analyzes the problems of forest right certificate,forest right mortgage loan,forest right circulation,forestry professional cooperation organization,forest economy and forest right system on deepening the reform in Xinjiang.It puts forward some thoughts and counter measures for collective forest property right system reform in Xinjiang.

The Forest Ecosystem Service Changes from Forestry Property Right Reform—Taking Lin′an City in Zhejiang Province as an Example

YAN Ping, MU Xiaowei

2016,(6): 10-16. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.003

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There is still a great gap in research on forest ecosystem service changes due to the forestry property right reform.Therefore,in order to bridge this gap,we took Lin′an for example to focus on it from the period of 1984-2004.The main results are as follows:since the forestry property right reform,the total value of forest ecosystem services in Lin′an has been increasing,but the detailed ecosystem services are completely different.The direct products present the trend of “increasing in the beginning and then decreasing”,with various different forest products.The total value of forest ecosystem services presented the increasing trend during this period,as well as the value per area,but the change of each forest ecosystem service presented significant differences.Furthermore,forest ecosystem services presented the diversity trend.

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Developing Under-forest Economy in Heilongjiang Province

YANG Yuqing, WAN Zhifang

2016,(6): 17-21. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.004

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Based on 112 questionnaires about under-forest economy from different forest regions in Heilongjiang Province,this paper stands on the perspective of working families and uses multiple linear regression analysis to analyse the influencing factors of developing under-forest economy in Heilongjiang province.The result shows that the family-business area,family labor quantity,household wage income,the attention of forestry technology and forestry subsidies have significant effects on the development of under-forest economy.Recommendations to promote the development of forest economy are put forward.

Construction Status and Development Countermeasures of Inner Mongolia Nalin Lake National Wetland Park

LIU Yongjun, LU Feifei, NI Junyan, PAN QI, DENG Xiaohong

2016,(6): 22-25. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.005

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Nalin Lake is a representative site of wetland in Wulanbuhe Desert in Inner Mongolia.In this paper,the status and existing problems of Inner Mongolia Nalin Lake National Wetland Park is analyzed in detail,and the countermeasures of sustainable development are put forward to establish and improve the protection management system,strengthen propaganda,enhance the science and technology support of wetland protection,strengthen the construction of talent team,work out scientific planning of sustainable development and comprehensive utilization for wetland park resources,in the precondition of the sustainable development of the wetland ecosystem.

Mapping of Young Mangrove Forest by Using Remote Sensing—A Case Study in the Maoweihai Bay in Guangxi

ZHOU Mei, LI Chungan, DAI Huabing

2016,(6): 26-30. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.006

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To explore an efficient method for mapping young mangrove forest exactly in local level,Unsupervised classification and object-oriented nearest neighbor classification were test on WorldView-3 remote sensing image in Maoweihai bay in Guangxi,south China,where a plenty of young mangrove forests grow.The results indicated that the overall accuracies of unsupervised and object-oriented classification were 95.8% and 96.2% respectively,and the kappa indexes were 0.906 8 and 0.913 7 respectively,that meant two simple methods could be used to accurately map the distribution of young mangrove forest.But the former output represented only the crown coverage of young trees and did not include the bare bead between the trees,and there was a significant salt and pepper effect on the map,and the latter output was the extent of young tree distribution for it included not only the extent of young trees crown but also the beach near by the trees,therefore,the object-oriented classification was more suitable for extracting the extend information of young mangrove forest than pixel-based method.Young mangrove forests have small crowns,high resolution remote sensing image must be used to map their extent,1.0 m or small resolution of images were recommended,0.3 m resolution of image was preferable.On the other hand,the images acquired in low tide period were needed.

Research on Application and Establishment of Replanting Tree Species Evaluation Index System—Take Fushou Forest Farm as an Example

CAO Xiaoyu, LI Jiping, HU Yuanjie

2016,(6): 31-36. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.007

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The replanting tree species evaluation index system was constructed by brainstorming,the Delphi method,and in-meeting & after-meeting method from the silviculture characteristics,ecological characteristics,biological characteristics and economic functions of replanting,finally four first-level indicators,17secondary indicators are determined as replanting tree species evaluation indexes.With Cunninghamia lanceolata ecological forest as the study objects,graded need repair of 21 main local species refers to it's data combining with opinions from experts,therefore the 21 kinds of alternative replanting species are determined in score order.The results showed that the Koelreuteria paniculata,Michelia figo,Machilus pauhoi,Sassafras tzumu,et al are appropriate replanting species in research area of Cunninghamia lanceolata ecological forest.

Analysis on Dynamic Change of Biomass and Carbon Stock of Pinus yunnanensis in Yunnan,China

LUO Hengchun, WEI Anchao, HUANG Tian, YU Zhexiu, ZHANG Chao

2016,(6): 37-43. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.008

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Based on the data of the Continuous Forest Inventories(CFI),Biomass Expansion Factor(BEF) and the conversion model between biomass and carbon storage were used to estimate and analyze the biomass and carbon storage of different altitudes,age classes,canopy density,stand density and diameter classes and their variations.The results show that:1) the biomass and carbon storage of Pinus yunnanensis showed increase at first and then decrease with the increase of altitude.The 1800-2400 meters was the most suitable altitude range for Pinus yunnanensis growth.2) with the increase of age classes,it showed increase at first and then decrease.The highest value of sample biomass and carbon storage appeared in the middle-age forest.3) it showed increase at first and then decrease with the increasing of canopy density,the highest value appeared in the middle canopy density.4) with the increase of stand density,it showed increase at first and then decrease.The highest value appeared in Ⅱ stand density.5) with the increase of the diameter,it showed increase at first and then decrease.The maximum value appeared in the middle-diameter group.

The Difference between Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations in Maximum Biomass and Carbon Storage in Northern Hebei

XU Qing, JIANG Fengling, XU Zhongqi, DING Li, LI Hongqian

2016,(6): 44-49. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.009

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In order to understand the differences between the Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantations in the biomass carbon storage of in the northern Hebei area,the different maximum biomass carbon storage of the two kinds of plantations was compared.The results shows that Larix principis-rupprechtii was higher than Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica in the individual biomasses of stem,branch and total aboveground,however,for the leaves biomass,Pinus sylvestris var.Mongolica was higher than that of the Larix principis-rupprechtii,when their DBHs were equal.When stand average breast diameter less than 19cm,the stand biomass of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation was higher than that of Pinus sylvestris plantation,and when the DBH was more than 19cm,the stand biomass of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica was higher than that of Larix principis-rupprechtii.For individual tree carbon storage,Larix principis-rupprechtii was higher than that of Pinus sylvestris var.Mongolica.For the forest carbon storage,when the stand average breast diameter was less than 19cm,the total carbon storage of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation was higher than that of Pinus sylvestris plantation,and when the DBH was more than 19cm,the stand carbon storage of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica was higher than that of Larix principis-rupprechtii.

Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution in Young Pinus massoniana Plantation

QIN Qiyun, ZHANG Minghui, TANG Jian, GUO Fei, LU Haiping, DENG Xiaojun

2016,(6): 50-53. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.010

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The content,accumulation and distribution of ten nutrient elements and biomass in different organs of Pinus massoniana were studied based on field investigation and lab analysis.The results show that:1)the order of total concentrations of nutrient elements in different organs of 2.5 and 8.5-year old Pinus massoniana was leaf>root>twig>trunk and leaf>twig>root>trunk.The order of concentrations of nutrient elements in 2.5 and 8.5-year old Pinus massoniana was N>K>Ca>P>Mg>Mn>Fe>B>Zn>Cu and N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu.2) The total nutrient accumulations at two different age classes plantation were 180.69 and 617.46 g per plant.The order of accumulations of ten nutrient elements in different organs of 2.5 and 8.5-year old Pinus massoniana was leaf>twig>trunk>root and trunk>twig>leaf>root.The order of accumulations of nutrient elements in 2.5 and 8.5-year old Pinus massoniana was N>Ca>K>P>Mg>Mn>Fe>Zn>B>Cu and N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu.So the concentrations of nutrient elements in different organs of young Pinus massoniana increased with the increase of age,the total accumulations of nutrient elements in leaf and twig of 2.5 year old trees was recorded as the highest,that of the 8.5 year old ones has become the highest in the trunk and twig.The content and accumulation of nutrient elements in different organs of Pinus massoniana were different.The distribution of nutrient elements in the tree body is not proportional to the biomass of different organ.

Evaluation on the Service Function Values of Wetland Ecosystem in Menyuan County of Qinghai Province

LIU Jianjun

2016,(6): 54-56. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.011

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Based on remote sensing satellite monitoring and sample investigation methods,wetland resources in Menyuan County of Qinghai Province in 2014 was studied;On this basis,direct market value approach and surrogate market approach were adopted to assess the service-function values of wetland ecosystem in Menyuan county in 2014.The results indicate that the total area of wetlands in Menyuan county is about 14 754.01 hm²,of which 97.77 percent is natural-wetland,2.23 percent is artificial-wetland and divided into 4 classes,6 types.Wetland composition proportion decreasingly ranks as river wetland,swamp wetland,artificial wetland and lake wetland.Meanwhile,the results also indicate that the service-function values of wetland ecosystem in Menyuan county in 2014 has achieved 1437.529 669 million yuan RMB,among that supply function value is 404.666 790 millipn yuan RMB,regulating function value is 455.711 976 million yuan RMB,cultural function value is 141.468 087 million yuan RMB,support function value is 435.682 817 million yuan RMB.Apparently the service-function value composition proportion decreasingly ranks as regulating function,support function,supply function,and cultural function.

Population Structure and Quantitative Dynamics of Dominant Arbor Species at Different Succession Stages in Maolan Karst Forest

QIN Xian, LONG Cuiling

2016,(6): 57-63. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.012

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Based on investigation on the communities,three dominant species at three succession stages of karst forest in Maolan National Nature Reserve were selected as the object of research through the calculation of important values.The dynamic characteristics of age structure,life table and survival curve of Clausena dunniana,Acercinn amomifolium and Mallotus repandus were studied.The results showed that the change of diameter at breast height frequency of Mallotus repandus was L pattern-interval pattern-L pattern from succession early stage to later stage and the population was growth form;The change of diameter at breast height frequency of Acercinn amomifolium was all L pattern and the population was growth form;The change of diameter at breast height frequency of Clausena dunniana was all interval pattern during the period of succession stages and the population was interval developmental form;The survival curve of Mallotus repandus was nearly DeeveyⅡtype in early succession stage,it was not Deevey type in middle succession stage and it conformed to Deevey Ⅲ in late succession stage;The survival curve of Acercinn amomifolium was all nearly Deevey Ⅲ during the succession period;The survival curve of Clausena dunniana was Deevey Ⅲ in early and late succession stage,but it was disorder in middle succession stage.The research results could provide scientific basis for rehabilitation and reconstruction of degraded karst forest ecosystem.

Study on Characteristics of Plant Regeneration at Burned Area of Daxing′an Mountains

WANG Ding, ZHOU Mei, ZHAO Pengwu, WANG Zixuan, GE Peng, ZHANG Bo, SHI Liang, SHU Yang

2016,(6): 64-70. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.013

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The Larix gmelinii forest burned areas were studied in terms of different fire years,different fire intensities,different forest types and different update modes.The natural regeneration conditions were observed and researched in 2013.The results showed that fire disturbance has a promoting effect on the natural regeneration of trees.In the stage of restoration,the age,height,basal diameter and other indicators of birch seedlings are in a dominant position in the community.The density of seedlings in three different update modes in burned areas are greater than unburned area and showed a ranking of 2003S-N>2003S-A>2003S-M.

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Semi-natural Plant Communities in Shenyang

NAN Penghui, SU Baoling

2016,(6): 71-76. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.014

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The typical sample plot method is used to investigate the semi-natural plant communities of Beiling Park in Shenyang and the structural characteristics are analyzed.The result shows that Rosaceae is the most in number in terms of semi-natural community.There are both total community and single community;Phanerophytes plant is most in number in semi-natural community,accounting for 55.26% of the total number.There are obviously tree,shrub,grass three-layer structure on the vertical structure of semi-natural community,species of advantages show an aggregated distribution.The semi-natural communities in Beiling park belongs to the deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,with four different seasonal variations.

Research on Garden Wall Landscape and Model Establishment in the Yangtze River Delta—Take Hangzhou as an Example

WANG Minhua, HUANG Shuping, DONG Jianwen

2016,(6): 77-81. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.015

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Based on scenic beauty estimation and quantitative theory,classical garden wall landscape model was established.The result showed that the plant layer in front of the wall made the biggest contribution to classical garden landscape wall scenic beauty,reaching to 23%,followed by shrub height(21%),foreground(18%),plant density(15%).Analysis was done on the elements contribution and equation coefficients in the model,Some advices were given to landscape wall construction techniques.

Shrub and Herb Diversity in Different Forest Landscapes in West Dongting Lake

LI Jiping, CHEN Jing, YUAN Xiaohong, CHEN Lei, GAO Yu

2016,(6): 82-87. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.016

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This paper presented the investigation and analysis on the species diversity of shrub layer and herb layer in the main forest landscape types in West Dongting Lake.Comprehensive evaluation method and entropy weight method are combined to get the comprehensive indexes of species diversity,and the comprehensive level of species diversity in different forest landscapes was measured.According to the weight value of each index,the main factors affecting the level of species diversity in the study area were found out.The results show that the Simpson indexes of herb layer were 0.793 0~0.916 1.The Shannon-Wiener indexes of herb layer were 1.759 6~2.717 6.The young Chinese fir forest landscape is the highest and the bamboo forest landscape is the lowest.The Simpson indexes of shrub layer were 0.794 2~0.927 7.The Shannon-Wiener indexes of shrub layer were 1.869 9~2.909 0.The broad leaved forest landscape is the highest and the bamboo forest landscape is the lowest。The species diversity index of shrub layer was higher than that of the herb layer as a whole.The comprehensive index of species diversity in different forest landscapes was 0.012 3~0.829 4。The broad leaved forest landscape is the highest and the bamboo forest landscape is the lowest.The low level of species richness and evenness of herb layer was the main factors influencing the level of species diversity of different forest landscapes in the study area,such as bamboo forest,shrub forest,and so on.

Analysis and Evaluation of Soil and Water Loss Area in Changting County of Fujian

LAN Yuxiang, FU Weicong, ZHU Zhipeng, LIN Lili, CHEN Ziru, DONG Jianwen

2016,(6): 88-93. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.017

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With the landscape photos collected during different periods from 1999 to 2016 in Changting county,Fujian Province,we use the method of SBE to judge the public's preferences and aesthetic tendency to explore the main factors influencing the scenery in soil erosion area,and build the regression models.The results showed that:the contribution of the color of photo to the scenic beauty is the most,amounting to 29.6%,followed by green looking ratio of 10.6%,tree height is 10.1%,governance situation is 9.8%,Photo color number is 9.8%,plant coverage is 7.7%,the 6.1% ratio is the background or the prospect,plant level is 5.2% the main vegetation is 5%,the plant texture is 3.5% and the area of soil and water loss is 2.6%.And the paper listed the management problems and landscape problems in study area,and put forward the corresponding suggestions.

Stem Analysis of Pinus bungeana in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Pronvince,China

LI Chunyi, YAO Guanggang, CHEN Wenjing, WANG Xiaoping, ZHA Tianshan

2016,(6): 94-99. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.018

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The growth regularity of Pinus bungeana was investigated in a natural secondary forest in Xiaolongshan,Gansu Province,China.The growth processes of Pinus bungeana growing indexes were analyzed based on the analysis of tree trunks.The results showed that the total growth increment of diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height(H),and volume of wood(V) all showed increasing trends during the whole growth periods.The growth of DBH and H showed a slow increase during 0~15 a,and then increased rapidly as tree-age increased to 15~40 a,but a relative slow increase during 40~63 a.The total V of P.bungeana increased slowly during 0~15 a,and then it increased rapidly and remained a rapid increase till the end of this survey.DBH,H and V of P.bungeana were fitted better with cubic curve.The “DBH-height curve” were fitted better with power curve equation.

Study on Forest Tree Height Inversion Based on Polarization Interference SAR Data

CAO Ba, YANG Xiaomei, XIAO Ling, LU Peng, WANG Yingquan, YUE Cairong, YU Weilian

2016,(6): 100-105. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.019

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Forest tree height is an important parameter of forest resources,so study on inversion of tree height of forest has important significance.This paper's data source has two full polarization data which were generated by PolSARPro software of ESA and two bands for the pretreatment,and the DEM difference method,RVOG phase method and the coherent amplitude method were chosen to reverse the tree height,finally analyzing and evaluating the result of L band and X band.The results show that for L band DEM difference method underestimates the tree height,RVOG phase method overestimates the tree height,the coherent amplitude inversion tree height precision is higher than DEM difference method and RVOG phase method,the X band badly underestimates the tree height and could not be applied to the three tree height inversion algorithm,the inversion result is not ideal.

Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in the Rapid Settlement of Policy-based Forest Insurance:A case study of Inner Mongolia

LI Xiaosong, WANG Jinying, ZHAO Junfeng, FU Wei

2016,(6): 106-110. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.020

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Rapid settlement is a key factor for the healthy development of policy-based forest insurance in China.The paper introduces the uncertainties of the forest damage and its adverse effects on the insurer and insurant,points out the positive role of rapid,accurate settlement strategy in policy-based forest insurance,analyzes the major principle and means of forest damage monitoring and assessment by using satellite remote sensing and carries out the pilot application in east Inner Mongolia.Finally,the potentials,problems and perspectives of the satellite remote sensing application in the rapid settlement of policy-based forest insurance are summarized.

Study of Under-forest Economy Comprehensive Benefit Fuzzy Evaluation and Its Application

DU Yang, ZHAO Huimin, LI Chang, CHEN Jiancheng, XUE Yongji

2016,(6): 111-115. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.021

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In this paper,fuzzy synthetic evaluation was introduced into comprehensive benefit evaluation system and the under-forest economic benefits evaluation system was designed.Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the weights of the indexes of economic,social and ecological benefits,the under-forest economy comprehensive benefit evaluation model was constructed,and was applied to practical case analysis.

Principle and Application of Laser Radar Technology for Tree Measurement

ZHUANG Yongjian, FENG Zhongke, LI Yacang, YANG Liyan, ZHANG Li, SUN Mengying

2016,(6): 116-119. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.022

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High density LiDAR is an advanced active remote sensing technology that can obtain high density 3D point cloud information of the object efficiently and quickly with fast,accurate and non-contact advantages.This paper describes the measuring principle of High density LiDAR and the characteristics of 3 kinds of scanning methods.Analysis was conducted on the accuracy difference between artificial precision measurement and 3D laser scanning measurement of tree DBH and volume by experiment.Finally,this paper discusses the future development trend of this technology.

Research on the Method of Log Scaling by Mobile Phone Combined With Rangefinder

YAN Feifan, FENG Zhongke, LI Tao, WANG Mingming

2016,(6): 120-125. doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2016.06.023

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This paper describes the theory and method of the mobile phone combined with rangefinder instead of the traditional log scaling.Based on the distance data measured by the image and rangefinder instrument,computer vision technology is used to segment the end face of wood and the photogrammetry technology used to calculate face area and the volume.The example analysis shows that the measurement accuracy of this method and the manual measurement error is less than 3% and meets the national requirements for wood scale error,but for some enterprises which require less than 1%,it has not met their error requirements.The method can replace the traditional timber inspection ruler,improve the working efficiency of the workers and reduce the risk of the work.

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