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    28 December 2020, Issue 6
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    Integrated Management and Administration
    A New Mode for Forest Resource Monitoring in the Era of Big Data
    HUANG Guosheng, LIU Qian, PU Ying, SUN Xiangnan
    2020,(6):  1-5.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.001
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    Over the past six decades of exploration and development,China’s forest resources monitoring has made great progress.With the in-depth advancement of ecological civilization construction and forestry reform development,higher requirements have been placed on the timeliness,synergy,up-to-dateness of monitoring data and capabilities of information service.In the era of Big Data,a highly flexible “mosaic” concept is applied to build a new “mosaic” mode for forest resource monitoring.The original “sliced” patch data can be deeply integrated and shared in real time on the Internet,which significantly improves forest resources monitoring capabilities and information service.Constructed in accordance with the Big Data thinking,the National Forest Resources Smart Management Platform has the basic prototype of the Big Data Cloud Platform with forest resources monitoring “mosaic” mode.To adapt to the new requirements of ecological civilization and modernization of forestry,the platform should be extended and applied to various types of professional investigation and business applications,gradually establish a new mechanism,based on Big Data,for process monitoring and smart services of Internet plus data collection and business applications.Through data fusion,business digitization,data mining,and service collaboration technology innovation,the new mechanism will effectively enhance forest resources monitoring capabilities,improve the information service level and make new contributions to the high-quality development of forestry and grass industry.

    The System Innovation and Promotion Path of Forest Leader System Reform in Anhui Province
    ZHU Fengqin
    2020,(6):  6-12.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.002
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    The theoretical system of Forest Leader System has five constituent elements,including theoretical content,theoretical basis,practical considerations,cultural foundation and legal basis.As for institutional innovation,the Forest Leader System reform carries out multi-layered and multi-faceted explorations in practice,among which the leading two innovations involve its top-level design and operation mechanism.This paper explores the improvement paths for Forest Leader System innovations,from the perspectives of completing the legislation of Forest Leader System,improving the implementation of the System,and strengthening the natural ecological culture.

    Study on Data Frame System of the Prevention and Control of the Public Security in the Forest District from the Perspective of the Big Data Strategy
    LUO Jialin, CHEN Jimin, SHI Guang
    2020,(6):  13-17.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.003
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    The system of public security prevention and control in the forest district plays an important role in the safety of forest and wildlife resources as well as the safety of public security and people’s life and health.In order to build a social governance pattern of co-construction,co-governance and sharing,the public security prevention and control system in the forest district should be integrated into the general framework of the public security prevention and control.With the public security prevention and control system as the subject,this paper analyzes the related issues in the current system in the forest district and designs the data framework system by applying big data technology.The new system consists of three modules:data collection module,data analysis and decision-making module and executive module.With the construction of the system,we can greatly improve the social governance ability in the forest district and guarantee structural reform efficiency of public security.

    Analysis on the Utilities of Forest Police Functions in Protecting Forest and Wildlife Resources
    CHEN Ke, XIAO Qianwen, WANG Hui
    2020,(6):  18-22.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.004
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    This paper attempts to analyze police functions in protecting forest and wildlife resources from the perspective of studying motivation of economic benefits behind illegal behaviors.According to the data analysis,97.64% of illegal cases of damaging forest and wildlife resources are driven by illegal benefits.Illegal behaviors which destroy forest and wildlife resources can be weakened or eliminated by effective constraints with the rule of law.Forest police are requied to consider illegal behaviors of destroying forest and wildlife resources from the perspective of obtaining illegal economic benefits,increase the percentage of investigating and dealing with forest-related cases,and improve police performance.Therefore,the illegal behaviors of destroying forest wildlife resources could be weakened and eliminated,and the police could protecte forest and wildlife resource more effectively.

    Scientific Research
    Research on the Planning of Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard National Park
    LIANG Bingkuan, LIU Yang, TANG Xiaoping, BAN Yong, JIANG Yafang, KONG Ying, LI Bingbing, BAI Ling
    2020,(6):  23-30.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.005
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    The establishment of Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard National Park is a major measure to protect the rare and endangered species,such as Amur tiger and Amur leopard,and their habitats.It is of global significance to protect the ecological security barrier as well.The national park is facing a key window period for the restoration of populations of Amur tiger and Amur leopard,also the reform period of the national forest area and the historical transformation period of the natural protected area system.The situation is complicated and changeable.The planning,at first,puts forward the philosophy of construction and development of adhering to natural priority,national interest,community benefit and common people sharing.Secondly,the planning clarifies,in the initial stage,the main management objective is to make the populations of Amur Tiger and Amur Leopard stabilized and reproduced,to restore and maintain the integrity of the forest ecosystem,and to promote the formation of both production and living modes with eco-friendliness in a community.And then,the planning adopts methods such as system planning,adaptability planning and LAC framework model to propose the solutions for key issues of national park such as boundary and range,control zoning,management system,ecological restoration and community development.

    Analysis of Forest Ecological Service Function Change and its Influencing Factors of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in the Past 20 Years:a Case Study of Shizhu County
    PU Ying, MU Yaojie, SHAO Jing'an
    2020,(6):  31-39.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.006
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    Based on Shizhu County,located in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this paper uses the forest resources survey data in 2002,2012 and 2019 and the annual forest land change survey data,and uses the InVEST model to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the major service functions of forest ecosystem based on the evaluation results of using the gray correlation method to discuss the motivation factors that influence functional change of forest ecological service.The results show that:Between 2002 and 2019,the soil preservation,water conservation and water purification functions of the study area showed the higher of Fangdou Mountain and Qiyao Mountain,the lower spatial pattern of the river ridge flat dam area and the reservoir area of the Fangdou-Qiyao Mountain Range;Between 2002 and 2019,the function of forest ecological service changed significantly,the soil maintenance function increased by 155%,the water conservation function increased by 41%,and the water purification function increased by 47%;In the period 2002-2019,forest land took the lead in average soil retention,water conservation,N and P output,which played a decisive role in forest ecosystem services;Forest area is the main factor affecting soil retention,water conservation and water purification function.Natural forest protection projects and other forestry construction projects have made a great contribution to increase the forest area.Factors such as population growth,mobility and human activities can also have different effects on changes in service function.

    Study on the Volume Growth Rate Model of Pinus yunnanensis of Individual Tree
    WEI Anchao, ZHANG Dawei
    2020,(6):  40-46.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.007
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    Based on the data of the sixth and seventh Continuous Forest Inventories (CFI),this paper used the nonlinear regression model to establish the volume growth rate model of Pinus yunnanensis of individual tree with different altitudes,origin,age classes and stand density.Compared to the optimal model in the case of each index by determination coefficient and root mean square error,the model precision was inspected by sum relative error,mean relative error,absolute mean relative error and predict precision.The result showed that the volume growth rate decreased with the increase of diameter.The fitting precision of the volume growth rate model of Pinus yunnanensis of individual tree was high with different altitudes,origin,age classes and stand density.The model parameters were stable and the determination coefficient of optimal models was more than 0.8.The overall model prediction precision was more than 80 percent except for the over-mature forest with seventy percent due to the less data.The fitting precision of optimal model was high and the applicability was strong.The optimal volume growth rate models can be used to estimate the volume growth,compile the volume growth rate table and forecast the dynamic changes of Pinus yunnanensis forest resources,and provide reference value for the forest resources inventory.

    Study on Constructing Spatial Ontology Based on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animals Resources Data
    ZHANG Naijing, JIANG Xian, HOU Ruixia
    2020,(6):  47-53.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.008
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    Due to the low retrieval efficiency in forestry and grassland scientific data sharing,this paper summarized and classified term vocabularies based on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau animals resources data.According to the core concepts and properties of extracting hierarchical structure and constructing ontology,analysis has been conducted to study the concepts and properties of geographical spatial data.General procedure and methods of modeling were stated in the article.Eventually,the spatial ontology model of Qinghai-Tibet plateau animals resources was built,which increased the semantic relations among different data and provided semantic support for data sharing.

    Research on Rubber Plantation Identification and Suitable Areas Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data
    JIANG Yongquan, SHI Zhengtao, GAO Shupeng
    2020,(6):  54-60.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.009
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    Taking Ruili City,Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province as the study area,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the rubber forest and its suitable planting areas.Sentinel-2 multi-spectral remote sensing images and MOD13Q1 were used as data sources to identify the rubber forest with the method of supporting vector machine classification.The results show that 1) the identification ability of the combined Sentinel-2 and MOD13Q1 NDVI data for rubber forest was significantly better than using only one kind of Sentinel-2 multi-spectral image or MOD13Q1-NDVI time series data,which achieved high precision identification of rubber forest.The overall identification accuracy is 91.41% and the Kappa coefficient is 0.76.2) By the end of 2019,the rubber planting area in Ruili was 7693.83 hm2,with the elevation range of the main planting area being 682-900 m,accounting for 83.61% of the total planting area;the slope of the main planting area was 5-15°,accounting for 84.61% of the total planting area.3) At present,6,433.11 hm2 of rubber was planted in the suitable areas in Ruili while 1,260.72 hm2 of rubber was not,accounting for 83.61% and 16.39%,respectively.

    Research on Classified Evaluation of Forest Resources and Their Benchmark Price —A Case Study in Longquan,Zhejiang Province
    PENG Housheng, LI Chenchen, SHI Qiaoyu
    2020,(6):  61-65.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.010
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    Based on the survey data of 2016 forest resource planning and design in Longquan,Zhejiang Province,this paper conducts classified evaluation of forest resources and studies the benchmark prices,which are then used to calculate the forest resource assets in Longquan.The results show that 1) except for the young forest,the benchmark prices of the timber stands in the middle age forest,near mature forest,mature forest and over mature forest all show an upward trend with the increase of stock volume.2) The benchmark price of the economic forest is the highest in the early production period,followed by the peak production period,then the pre-production period,while the price in the declining period is zero.3)By calculating the forest resource assets in Longquan with the benchmark price,the resarch shows that the total stand values of different tree species are in order from high to low:the Cunninghamia lanceolata is 5.455 billion yuan,the hardwood forest is 2.411 billion yuan,the economic forest is 2.028 billion yuan,and the Masson pine is 0.478 billion yuan.The research results of the benchmark prices are applied to the forest resource asset value accounting.With the simple operation and good effect,they can provide technical support for compiling the balance sheet of natural resources and the audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres.

    The Discussion on the Development Path to Increase Carbon Sink and Reduce Carbon Emission Forest Management at County Level —A Case Study in Lin’an of Zhejiang Province
    XU Jun, YAO Hongwen, ZHANG Guojiang, TAN Ying
    2020,(6):  66-71.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.011
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    This paper takes the forest management of Lin’an in Zhejiang Province as an example to calculate and analyze the main mode,the weight and the increasing capacity in per unit area of increasing carbon sink and reducing carbon emission in county areas through using the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis.The results show that based on the premise of the soil protection,the carbon sink increase of Lin’an by 2020 is sorted as follows:closed forest>tending of woods>stand improvement>reforestation.The increasing capacity of carbon sink per unit area is sorted as follows:reforestation> stand improvement> tending of woods > closed forest.The importance of reducing carbon emission in forest management is sorted as follows:low-carbon forest management>forestry circular economy>low-carbon forest tourism.Based on the results,the paper designs methods to increase carbon sink and reduce carbon emission in county areas and proposes application locations,main measures and development suggestions.

    Analysis on Accuracy and Visualization of Single Moso Bamboo Based on Point Cloud Data
    WANG Qianru, HE Yue, LI Haiming, LI Zhinan, XU Wenbing
    2020,(6):  72-78.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.012
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    This paper tries to apply Cyclone and Geomagic Studio software for point cloud data processing and 3D reconstruction to study the model error of the four parameters of bamboo crown,breast diameter,height,branch height and the visual effect of indoor and outdoor point cloud data modeling.The results show that:1) the average absolute error of the four parameters of the bamboo model is 38,0.5,189,6(unit:mm) and the average relative error is 1.450%,0.550%,1.775% and 0.350% respectively,which are of high accuracy;2) In the wild,the leaves of the more dense bamboo crown models are triangular,continuous and there are layering phenomena,while when the bamboo leaves are sparse,there are no stratification phenomenon and the overall visual effect is good;3)When the indoor static bamboo crown and stalk is modeled,the crown shape can be shown visually,in which the model effect of sparse crown is better than that of the dense crown,and the surface of the bamboo stem model is smoother without holes.It also can be found that the difference of modeling effect among bamboo stem of various thicknesses is not significant.

    Evaluation of Sustainable Forest Management in Yong'an City of Fujian Province
    WANG Qian, WANG Hongchun
    2020,(6):  79-84.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.013
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    According to the specific operating conditions of Yong'an city in Fujian Province,the sustainable management evaluation index system was established with reference to the Montreal Process indicators.The study carries out the sustainable management degree test and evaluation of Yong'an city and the test results show that the forest management status of Yong'an city is highly sustainable.The changes in the sustainable forest management index reflect that the sustainable management level of Yong'an city has improved from 2013 to 2017.

    Site Quality Evaluation on Pinus massoniana Based on the Data of National Forest Inventory
    CHEN Min, YE Jinsheng, LIU Ping
    2020,(6):  85-89.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.014
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    Based on data from 77 fixed plots of Pinus massoniana in the 9th consecutive forest inventory data in Guangdong Province in 2017,principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods are used to evaluate the site quality of Pinus massoniana in this study.Research results showed that according to the principal component analysis method,the cumulative contribution rate of the seven principal components including gravel content,soil thickness,landform,slope position,humus layer thickness,slope and litter layer thickness reached 86.32%,and the overall impact is great.The cluster analysis method shows that when the threshold value is 0.081,77 plots can be grouped into 4 types,and the unit area accumulation of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ is 59.41m3/hm2,45.38m3/hm2,80.07m3/hm2 and 73.48m3/hm2,types Ⅲ and Ⅳ are significantly higher than types Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Site factors such as gravel content,soil thickness,humus layer thickness and litter layer thickness have a greater effect on the site quality of Pinus massoniana.

    A Study on Characteristics of Forest Soil Carbon Pool in Huangcang Valley Nature Reserve of Anhui Province
    YU Fazhan, ZHANG Zhongqi, SHAN Yongbing
    2020,(6):  90-95.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.015
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    As a sensitive parameter to monitor the change of soil organic carbon (SOC),soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) can directly reflect the influence of external factors on soil quality and provide quantitative basis for scientific evaluation of forest soil carbon pool quality.In this paper,changes of SOC,active organic carbon (ASOC) and carbon pool management index (CPMI) of typical forest soils in Huangcang Valley Nature Reserve are studied.The results show that:1) the SOC content of various forest lands is 9.93~19.15 g/kg,the ASOC content is 0.73~1.36 g/kg except the slope bare land.The SOC and ASOC content of Quercus variabilis and Platycladus orientalis were higher than other forest types.2) With the increase of soil depth,the SOC and ASOC content decreased,and the decrease of SOC content is larger than that of ASOC.3) The contents of SOC,ASOC and CPMI are affected by forest types and soil depth.All forest types have high carbon sequestration potential and can improve their soil CPMI in varying degrees.

    Effects of thinning on growth and soil organic carbon of Cryptomeria fortunei Plantation in Western Sichuan
    GONG Yingyun, WANG Ruihui, ZHANG Bin, LIU Kaili, DONG Kaili, LIU Juntao, ZHAO Suya, ZHOU Yuhuai
    2020,(6):  96-104.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.016
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    This paper takes the 9-year-old Cryptomeria fortunei Plantation in Ya'an of Sichuan Province as the research object and sets up four kinds of thinning intensities,including control (CK,0%),light (T1,21.1%),medium (T2,36.9%) and heavy (T3,49.0%) thinning,with the aim to study the effects of thinning on tree growth and soil organic carbon.The results show that the average annual growth of DBH,height and volume of stands were thinned plot>CK after 4 years of thinning,and there was significant difference between both (P<0.05).The annual average growth of DBH was T3>T2>T1>CK,and there was significant difference between all treatments (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the annual average growth of height and volume of thinning sample plot (P>0.05).The number of trees in the DBH class tends to the higher DBH class concentration in T2 and T3 treatments.The mean values of soil organic carbon (SOC) content and carbon density T2 and T3 in 0-40 cm soil layer are significantly higher than CK (P<0.05).Thinning significantly reduces the soil bulk density and improves capillary water holding capacity.T2 and T3 are significantly different from CK at the mean value of soil total N (P<0.05).After thinning,the SOC content and density (0-20 cm) are significantly correlated to total N and P nutrient content of soil (P<0.01).The results show that medium thinning intensity (T2) could obtain greater ecological and economic benefits.

    Study on the Change of Soil Nutrient Content of Robinia Pseudoacacia Forest of Different Converted Years in Hilly and Gully Areas of Southern Shanxi Province
    HAO Xiaoling, ZHOU Jiajia, ZHANG Mimi, WU Jie, ZHANG Fenguo, WANG Yongji
    2020,(6):  105-110.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.017
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    This paper adopts artificial locust forests with 17,13,9 and 4 converted years in typical hilly and gully areas of southern Shanxi Province as the research objects to analyze the soil nutrient content and study its content changes.The results show that:1) at the same soil depth,locust forest show a decreasing trend and significant difference in soil pH with the increase of years of farming.2) The soil ammonia nitrogen content of Robinia pseudoacacia forest in different years of farming tends to increase in different soil depths,and the overall performance is significantly different.Compared with the same soil layer depth of Robinia pseudoacaciaforest in different years of farming,the content of ammonia nitrogen in soil decrease significantly with the increase of years of farming.3) The contents of available phosphorus,total nitrogen and organic matter of locust forest increase with the increase of years under the same soil depth in different years of farming.4) Nitrogen,available potassium and total phosphorus contents of locust forest at the same soil depth are prone to decrease with the increase of years of farming.It can be found that planting locust forest can effectively improve soil nutrient status and has a positive effect on soil improvement and nutrient maintenance.

    Analysis on Anti-Lodging Effect of Manually Shaking tip of Young Phyllostachys edulis in low-altitude Slope of Northern Hunan Province
    LIU Diqin, XIONG Yanhui, GAO Dingjun, HU Jianlong, HU Shenghong, HU Weihong, HU Qun
    2020,(6):  111-115.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.018
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    Phyllostachys edulis is a major bamboo species found in southern China,where rain and snow seriously affect the cultivation of the bamboo stand for bamboo shoot,causing the bamboo plant to fall down and break off.The artificial control of top tip of bamboos is the most effective way for bamboo shoot to resist the negative effect from the weather.This paper takes Taojiang of Hunan Province as an example and selects three bamboo shoots grown in high slope in low-altitude areas as sample plots.New bamboo shoots are controlled by manualy shaking.The results show that after shaking,the bamboo plant can resist negative effects from rain and snow,but the improper conduct of shaking can also cause some damage to the new bamboo.The damage can be controlled if the way of shaking can be mastered by workers.

    Analysis on Effect of Inter-planting Broad-leaved Trees on Quality Improvement of Pinus massoniana Stand in Soil Erosion Area —A Case Study in Changting,Fujian Province
    WANG Yihe
    2020,(6):  116-122.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.019
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    In order to improve the quality of Pinus massoniana stand in soil erosion area of Changting County,Fujian Province,an experiment of interplanting broad-leaved tree was carried out.The results showed that different interplanting patterns had significant effects on the tree height and subbranch height of Pinus massoniana.Interplanting Sapindus saponaria was most beneficial to promote the growth of tree height and subbranch height of Pinus massoniana,which reached 14.50m and 9.57m respectively.The second was interplanting Schima superba model.The average tree height and under-branch height of Pinus massoniana were 10.43m and 9.50m respectively,and the difference between them was not significant.The interplanting Schima superba performed best growth,with an average diameter at breast height of 6.9cm and an average tree height of 7.4m.The results of species diversity analysis of Pinus massoniana forest with 6 years of interplanting showed that the interplanting of Sapindus saponaria was beneficial to improve the species diversity of Pinus massoniana forest,and the Shannon-Wienner index of shrub layer and herb layer were 1.09 and 1.24 respectively,and the species richness index were 3.91 and 2.39 respectively.The effects of interplanting mode on soil physical and chemical properties of Pinus massoniana stand were further analyzed in the paper.The results showed that interplanting broad-leaf tree did not significantly affect soil physical properties,while the soil nutrients of the stand were obviously improved.The mode of interplanting Liquidambar formosana or Schima superba had the best effect.

    Analysis on Characteristics of 19 year-old Semi-Natural Forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Broad-Leaved Trees Based on Stratification
    LI Zhiming
    2020,(6):  123-127.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.020
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    The tree stratum of 19 year-old semi-natural forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broad-leaved trees was stratified obviously to 2 sub-strata (sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II) by MLRP (Maximum Light Receiving Plane) method.The tree height in sub-stratum I was higher than or equal to 13.0 m.Its average stand DBH,height,density and growing stock in tree stratum were 13.7 cm,14.6 m,2 867 N/hm2 and 309.7 m3/hm2 respectively.Its average stand DBH in sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II were 17.1cm and 10.3 cm respectively.Its average stand height in sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II were 16.4 m and 10.6 m respectively.Its percentage of stand density in sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II were 43.60% and 56.40% respectively.Its percentage of growing stock in sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II were 74.98% and 25.02% respectively.There were 17 tree species in tree stratum and C.lanceolata was the absolutely dominant tree species,with the important value of 61.88%.There were 8 and 17 tree species in sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II respectively.The important value of C.lanceolata (the absolutely dominant tree species) in sub-stratum I and sub-stratum II was 76.20% and 58.31% respectively.Its species richness (R),Shannon-Wiener index (SW),evenness (E) and ecological dominance (ED) in tree stratum were 17,1.46,0.36 and 0.62 respectively,which in sub-stratum I was 8,0.83,0.28 and 0.78 respectively.And the value in sub-stratum II were 17,1.80,0.44 and 0.51 respectively.

    Effects of Biochar on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Betula platyphylla
    WU Xinghui, SU Baoling, QI Lin, WANG Yan, MA Yue, ZHOU Li
    2020,(6):  128-134.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.021
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    Forest fire cause a large number of biochar input into the soil,change the soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient cycling and then affect postfire regeneration and succession.Betula platyphylla is a pioneer tree species in post fire succession in Daxing'anling Mountains.The succession process and community dynamics of coniferous forest in North China are closely related to soil biochar.In this paper,the effects of different types of biochar (larch leaf biochar,larch trunk biochar and moss biochar) on soil water loss and soil pH,and seed germination and seedling growth of Betula platyphylla were studied by pot experiment.Negative effect of biochar on seed germination was observed,in which larch leaf derived biochar had the greatest negative effect,moss derived biochar had the least negative effect on seed germination (larch leaf derived biochar:0.5%,moss derived biochar:1.17%);Positive effect of biochar on seedling growth was observed.Biochar addition significantly increased seedling height,especially the height of seedlings grow in moss derived biochar amended soil.In addition,biochar increased the soil water holding capacity,reduced the water loss rate,which further influenced the seed germination rate and seedling growth of Betula platyphylla.

    Technical Application
    Determination and Estimation of Pinus massoniana Stand Volume and Saturation Point Based on Landsat-8 OLI Data
    SUN Zhongqiu, WU Fayun, HU Yang, GAO Xianlian, Gao Jingping
    2020,(6):  135-142.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.022
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    This paper takes 72 Pinus massoniana forest plots (25 m × 25 m) in Hunan Province as the research object based on the method of estimating the forest biomass saturation point proposed in previous studies (Scheme 1) and propose a simpler binomial saturation point estimation method (Scheme 2).According to the saturation point estimation method,the study proposes a new stock volume estimation model for a comparative analysis with multiple stepwise regressions.It finds that the maximum saturation point estimation results of Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 were 217.05 m3/hm2 and 206.86 m3/hm2,respectively.Based on the vegetation index information,the maximum saturation point estimation results of Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 were 196.95 m3/hm2 and 183.06 m3/hm2,respectively.In the modeling test phase,based on the newly-proposed binomial model and the multiple stepwise regression mode,R2 was 0.49 and 0.29,MAE was 53.76 m3/hm2 and 63.35 m3/hm2,and RMSE was 58.71 m3/hm2 and 69.53 m3/hm2,respectively.Compared with Scheme 1,the method for estimating the saturation point of forest stock volume (FSV) in Scheme 2 was more scientific and reasonable,and it was a simple method for determining the saturation point of the FSV by remote sensing data.In addition,compared with the multiple stepwise regression model,the binomial model proposed in this study had a better effect in estimating FSV.

    Study on Vegetation Extraction Method in Karst Areas Based on Visible Light Band of Sentinel 2
    DUAN Jiwei, ZHONG Jiusheng, JIANG Li, DAI Renli, HE Zhiyuan, LIN Shuangshuang, HE Xin
    2020,(6):  143-152.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.023
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    In order to accurately extract vegetation information from visible band,study the characteristics of Karst vegetation in the visible light range and use the visible light band of the Sentinel 2 image,the spatial characteristics of the three bands of red,green and blue are created.The results showed that the spatial ratio characteristics of vegetation spectrum in blue-green are separable from other ground features and the brightness value of the vegetation is relatively low in the three visible lights.Comparing the extracted vegetation results with the normalized difference vegetation index,over-green index,ultra-green and ultra-red difference index,vegetation index,visible light band difference index,normalized green-red difference index,and normalized green-blue difference index,the study finds its precision is 92.67%,which is superior to other visible light extraction methods.It shows that the method is effective for the extraction of vegetation in Karst areas in the visible light band.

    An Approach on Estimating Canopy Closure via Digital Images
    PU Yihan, XU Dandan, WANG Haobin
    2020,(6):  153-160.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.06.024
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    In this study,the whole sky photos taken at the Dongtai research site are used to separate leaves,trunks and sky by establishing an RGB classification model to extract the canopy closure accurately.It shows that the overall classification accuracy of this method is 0.94 and the Kappa coefficient is 0.89.The classification accuracy is high and it works well in distinguishing the main trunk of the forest.The overall classification accuracy reaches 0.94 and the Kappa coefficient is 0.84.In addition,this study finds that the calculation accuracy of photos with low canopy closure is higher than photos with high canopy closure.In comparison of the model estimation results with ocular estimate results,the R2 is 0.77.The model estimate result is higher than the ocular estimate result when canopy closure is low,and it is lower than the ocular estimate result when canopy closure is high.In the comparative study of the canopy closure of two different age poplar forests,the results indicate that the canopy closure of the 14-year-old poplar is higher than that of the 9-year-old poplar.The p values of the two methods are less than 0.05 and 0.001,respectively.Using digital photos to obtain ground sample data accurately can further verify the forest canopy closure value retrieved by large-scale remote sensing.It has great application value in further improving the measurement accuracy of forest canopy closure on a large scale.