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    28 October 2020, Issue 5
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    Legal Protection of Property Rights of Forest Farmers under the Background of "Separation of Three Rights" of Farmland
    ZHOU Bohuang, JIN Beili
    2020,(5):  1-6.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.001
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    Collective forest is a special form of forest resource property right in China.The development of collective forest circulation is closely related to the realization of the reform goal of collective forest right system.However,during the process of collective forest right transfer,the phenomena that forest farmers would lose their rights and interests or their rights would be damaged occur from time to time.To protect the property rights and interests of farmers,the study employs "separation division" method,and analyzes the feasibility of the separation flow and the practice of collective forest rights circulation. It proposes to improve related laws and regulations,clarify main parties of the property rights and build a system of collective forest land management rights in the new period. The study also aims to improve the government's guide role and legal countermeasures and suggestions of collective forest rights dispute processing mechanism.

    Review and Rational Approach of Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation System under the New Forest Law
    DAI Xiaojun, MA Lei
    2020,(5):  7-10.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.002
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    The revision and implementation of China's new forest law will bring new opportunities for the promotion of the environmental administrative public interest litigation system.This study chooses the administrative public interest litigation system of the environmental public interest litigation system,explains the necessity and legal practice of its category and system construction,and selects suitable samples for analysis.It finds that in the process of promoting the litigation system,there are many restrictive factors,such as insufficient applicability of law,inadequate system design,and conflicts between judicial power and administrative power.Therefore,this paper puts forward four ways to improve the environmental administrative public interest litigation system:First,it is expected to expand the scope of litigants,establish incentive mechanism,clarify the distribution mechanism of burden of proof and other supporting laws and regulations;second,we should further improve the litigation procedure in the aspects of promoting the appropriate judicature of pre-litigation procedure and establishing the evaluation mechanism for public welfare damage;third,we should clarify the boundary between judicial power and administrative power,and promote the cultivation of legal thinking and administration according to law;fourth,the administrative public interest litigation of wildlife protection in the postera of the COVID-19 pandemic should be expanded to protect and cherish wildlife.Through the system inspection and rational path analysis of the implementation of the environmental administrative public interest litigation system,the study aims to promote the protection of forest,wildlife and other ecological resources,as well as provide certain reference for future related research.

    Feasibility Analysis and Policy Suggestions on China's Policy of Imported Timber Legality based on Enterprise Survey
    LI Jing, XU Bin, WAN Yuxuan
    2020,(5):  17-22.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.003
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    According to Article 65 of China's new Forest Law,timber companies are required to set accounts regarding the storage of material and products,and they are not allowed to purchase,process or transport timbers from illegal sources. The added article has provided a legal basis for the development of legal and sustainable forest products trade.This paper conducts a survey among companies on the policy of imported timber legality and analyzes corporate needs and major challenges of the policy. It considers that the policy is feasible for the implementation and proposes relevant recommendations that focus on strengthening the top-level design,raising corporate awareness and capacity building and promoting cooperation with source countries.

    Preliminary Exploration of Co-management of National Parks in China
    DING Wenguang, MU Yangjie, LI Weili, LI Tiantian
    2020,(5):  23-29.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.004
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    Co-management,also known as participatory management,is an effective means to achieve the goal of national park protection and development.In the past century,the international management of national parks has developed and gradually changed from an exclusive way to inclusive.At present,China's national parks are in the pilot construction stage.The introduction of co-management in China's national park management system aims to enhance the inclusiveness and flexibility of management,which is beneficial to achieving the dual sustainable development goals of nature conservation and the well-being of people.First,this paper analyzes the international experience and domestic situation of co-management development.Based on the view that “preparation for the implementation of co-management is as important as the later advancement of this process”,the main stakeholders were identified.This paper also analyzes the necessity of exploring and implementing co-management in China's national parks. Finally,it made feasibility assessment and analysis from five aspects:policy,system,economy,co-management willingness and social capital,and constructed a feasibility evaluation system for co-management willingness and social capital.Through the exploration and analysis of the co-management work in the early stage,it is expected to provide a basis for the co-management construction of national parks in China.

    Research on Nature Protected Area Governance from the Perspective of Network Governance
    WANG Kai
    2020,(5):  30-35.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.005
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    Nature protected area is an important system for maintaining human development and biological diversity,but the lack of management leads to imbalance in supply and demand of the ecosystem services. The governance of nature protected area should be based on various demands from stakeholders. The study comprehensively reviews relevant results from home and abroad and finds that foreign results are more systematic as some contents such as the construction,evaluation and optimization of the nature protected area network have gradually become the focus in the research area. Moreover,the theory and method of the network governance could become a new perspective for research. The study tries to discuss theories about the network governance and build framework for the protection of the natural protected area. It is expected to provide references for promoting the construction of the governance network,figuring out governance rules and advancing the development of relevant theories.

    Present Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Wetland Resources in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province
    DENG Xiaoming, HU Haitao, BU Shuhai, LI Bin, GE Chen, LI Mei
    2020,(5):  36-43.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.006
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    Qinling Mountains is the watershed between the north and south water systems in China,and it is a veritable "central water tower".Numerous water systems in Qinling Mountains have bred rich wetland resources. To protect waterland is to protect an important water source area of " South-North Water Transfer Project". In this paper,the types and distribution of wetlands in Qinling region of Shaanxi Province,the status quo of wild animal and plant resources and the status of wetland resources protection were systematically sorted out.The characteristics of Qinling wetland resources were analyzed and evaluated.On this basis,the existing problems were analyzed,and countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

    Discussion on the Construction and Practice of the Business Platform of "Multi-databases into One" Management and Update for Forest Resources —A case study of the Greater Khingan in Inner Mongolia
    GAO Jinping, GAO Xianlian, DU Bin, ZHAO Bingzhu, CHEN Xiaoming, GUO Xuliang, MING Haijun, YU Huina
    2020,(5):  44-51.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.007
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    This paper takes the state-owned forest area of the Greater Khingan Mountains,north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,as an example,tries to explore the technical solution of "Multi-Databases into One," including forest resource inventory data,forest land change data and public welfare forest management data. A business platform for managing and updating forest resource data is established to solve the problem of "multi-layer skin" and disjointed data of forest resource data,which has been troubled for a long time. The platform strongly supports the forest resource management business and improves the modernization level of "one map of forest resource management," which has practical reference for key state-owned forest in northeastern and Inner Mongolia and other regions.

    Consideration on Construction of National Afforestation Monitoring System Based on Remote Sensing Technology
    WANG Xiaokun, WANG Yao, YU Shiyong, JIA Gang, LI Darui
    2020,(5):  52-57.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.008
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    In order to improve the management level of national afforestation,the advantages and limitations of applying remote sensing technology to national afforestation monitoring were discussed in this paper by analyzing the application and development of remote sensing technology and remote sensing data management platform,as well as summarizing the current national afforestation monitoring present condition and monitoring content,the idea of establishing the "national afforestation monitoring and evaluation system" was put forward based on remote sensing technology and the "national forest resources intelligent management platform",so did the specific solutions to its relevant constraints.

    Research on Control Measures for Space Use of Low Hill and Gentle Slope —Base on the Case Study of Xianju County
    RUAN Yongjian, LI Yun, LI Hui, YANG Fan, YAN Zhe
    2020,(5):  58-62.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.009
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    The current situation of land resource shortage becomes more and more obvious.The development and utilization of low hill and gentle slope,which are key reserve resources,is an important means to relieve the shortage of land resources,and it is particularly important to improve the use control of low hill and gentle slope space.Xianju county in Zhejiang Province is known for its mountains and waters and there are many low-hill and gentle slope resources available for development and utilization in the county.The ecological function of the low hill and gentle slope land is divided into the important ecological protection circle in the north,the key ecological and economic comprehensive development circle in the central part and the ecological restoration and ecological economic coordinated development circle in the south in the county.This paper takes the practice of space use control on low hills and gentle slopes in Xianju county as an example and proposes domestic low hill gentle slope use control methods and measures.

    Discussion on the Drafting of the County-level National Forest City Planning —A Case Study of Nanxiong City
    HE Zhilong, SUN Qizhen, LIU Yihan, ZHOU Yaxu, ZHANG Ji
    2020,(5):  63-67.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.010
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    With the continuous improvement of the top-level design of the national forest city and the release and implementation of the "Indicators for national forest city",the creation of the county-level national forest city is gradually advanced.As an inevitable requirement for the creation of a national forest city,the national forest city planning is of importance to the development of the national forest city.This article takes the national forest city planning of Nanxiong city (county-level city) as an example to analyze the planning principles,technical routes,overall layout and current issues.At the same time,it focused on the three major difficulties in the preparation of the county-level national forest city planning,including the connection of city and county work,the conflict between development and protection,and the implementation of construction funds,which will provide a certain reference for the future preparation of the county-level national forest city planning.

    Study on the Development Mode of Forestry Carbon Sink Project Based on Supply Perspective —Take Forest Management Forestry Carbon Sink Project in Tangwanghe,Yichun as an Example
    CHEN Lirong, ZHU Zhenfeng, SHENG Chunguang, CAO Yukun
    2020,(5):  68-74.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.011
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    Considering that the development model of forestry carbon sink project affects the cost and resource allocation efficiency of the project supplier,it is very important to explore an effective forestry carbon sink project development model.A good model could improve the enthusiasm of forest carbon sink service supply in the carbon trading market and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the carbon sink service industry.This paper abstracted one development model of "local government + forest industry enterprise + technical service agency + green carbon sink foundation" by,taking the Tangwang River Forestry Carbon Sequestration Project as an example.It analyzed the specific role of each constituent institution in the project development,the linkage mechanism among the various institutions,and the problems in the development model.In response to the existing problems,it proposed a new forestry carbon sink project development model led by forest industry enterprises and optimization countermeasures.According to this research,it's expected to provide reference for the selection and optimization of other forestry carbon sink project development models.

    Research on Tourism Model Based on the Development of Camellia Oleifera Industry
    XUE Xiaoyan, LIU Zhen, WANG Yanmei, GENG Xiaodong, CAI Qifei, LI Zhi
    2020,(5):  75-81.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.012
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    Camellia oleifera Abel.is an important woody oil plant in China,and it is also the main tree species supported by the national policy.Taking the ornamental value of C.oleifera as the main research object,this paper discusses a new pattern of C.oleifera industry,which plays a positive effect on promoting the development of C.oleifera industry.This paper introduces the planting history,natural distribution,development and utilization status of C.oleifera.From the perspective of tourism development value and tourism development advantage of C.oleifera,the study analyzes the economic,ecological and ornamental value of C.oleifera,as well as the opportunities and economic benefits provided by tourism for the development of the industry.It puts forward the principles of ecological culture protection,sustainable development,economy and characteristic in tourism development,and proposes tourism modes such as "nature + humanity",experiential agricultural leisure and agricultural science popularization.It illustrates the connotation of the operation and management mode of the government as the "planner",enterprises as the "helmsman",farmers as the "sailor",and puts forward some suggestions such as taking the market demand as the guidance,exploring the traditional C.oleifera culture,strengthening the industrial publicity,innovating the marketing strategy,implementing the government's incentive policies.It is expected to provide scientific reference for the high-quality development of C.oleifera industry through the research.

    Study on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Single Tree Stem Form of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation in Hunan Province
    XU Bingbing, BIAN Gengzhan, YI Xuan, ZHU Guangyu, QI Zhantao, LV Yong
    2020,(5):  82-88.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.013
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    With the research object of single tree of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Hunan Province,the variation characteristics and influencing factors of that were studied by using the coefficient of variation method,one-way analysis of variance,pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Research indicates:1) Through the variation coefficient method,the coefficient of variation of the experimental form factor of the single tree in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (0.112 7) was smaller than the coefficient of variation of the breast-height form factor (0.204 0),indicating that the experimental form factor was of good stability.2) one-way analysis of variance was used to study the form factor growth rhythm of different tree height levels and diameter at breast height (DBH) levels.The results showed that the breast-height form factor of single tree in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation had significant differences at different DBH levels (sig<0.05),and they were negatively correlated;The experimental form factor were significantly different at different tree height levels (sig<0.05),and they were positively correlated.3) Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were some differences in the influencing factors between the breast-height form factor and the experimental form factor.The breast-height form factor was of extremely significant positive correlation with slope (p<0.01),was of significant positive correlation with slope position (p<0.05),and was of extremely significant negative correlation with altitude,stand age and DBH (p<0.01).The experimental form factor was of extremely significant negative correlation with altitude (p<0.01),and was of significant negative correlation with stand density and stand age (p<0.05),but was of extremely significant positive correlation with slope and tree height (p<0.01),and was of significant positive correlation with slope position and dry humidity (p<0.05).4) The results of multiple linear regression showed that the fitting effects of the two form factor models were significant (sig<0.05),the adjusted R 2 of the breast-height form factor model was 0.417,and the experimental form factor model adjusted R 2 was 0.495,indicating the regression equation can explaine 41.7% and 49.5% of the respective variation.

    Study on Growth Model of DBH and Height Based on Dummy Variable for Natural oak Forest in Qinba Mountain Area
    MIN Zhiqiang, HU Yunyun, WANG Dejun, SUN Jingmei, LI Hongtao, LI Weizhong
    2020,(5):  89-99.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.014
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    Based on the national forest resources inventory data,this study takes the natural oak forest in Qinba mountain area as the research object.The dominant trees and their competitive grades were determined based on the competition index and the site quality grade was determined according to the dominant trees and site dominant factors.The competition grade and site quality grade were used as dummy variables in the fitting of the growth process of the DBH and tree height to obtain the optimal growth model.The results showed that the dominant site factors of oak natural forest were altitude,aspect and soil thickness;Gompertz model was the optimal basic model for the DBH and tree height growth model;the best fitting results were obtained when the dummy variable of competition grade was in parameters a and c,in which R 2 value and Pa value were 0.834 and 98.17,respectively,13.16% and 0.59% higher than those of the basic model. The study found that the height growth model used Gompertz model when the dummy variables of site quality grade were in parameters a and b,the fitting results were the best.R 2 value and Pa value were 0.717 and 98.26 respectively,which were 16.59% and 0.65% higher than those of the basic model.When the second kind of dummy variable is introduced into the DBH and tree height model,the accuracy of the model is improved,but the effect is not obvious.Based on the analysis of the DBH and tree height growth rules of natural oak forest under different growth conditions in Qinba mountain area,the stand growth model was established,which can provide important reference for the restoration of natural oak secondary forest and the improvement of stand quality.

    Study on Populus euphratica Growth Model in Tarim River Basin
    WANG Qingjie, LI Guodong, LIU Xiaoman, AN Bowen, JI Huaifeng
    2020,(5):  100-107.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.015
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    This paper takes 78 groups of Populus euphratica trees in the Tarim River Basin as the research object,aiming to study the growth model of P euphratica tree height,diameter at breast height and volume.The study introduces the modeling and testing data into 16 empirical equations and theoretical equations,and obtains each model parameter value and coefficient of determination (R 2).Based on the average absolute error (MAE),root mean square error (RMSE) and average error (ME ) and the average prediction error percentage (MPSE),the study selects the P euphratica growth model of the best fitting effect.It finds that the most suitable growth model for P euphratica tree height is the Collier model with a determination coefficient of 0.771,and the most suitable growth model for P euphratica at breast height is also the Kolier model with a determination coefficient of 0.969. The most suitable growth model for P euphratica volume is the logistic model and its coefficient of determination is 0.966.The growth model of P euphratica is obtained through comparative study of multiple fitting models through the set inspection and evaluation standards,in order to provide a reference for the afforestation design of P euphratica in the Tarim River Basin.

    Population Structure and Quantitative Dynamics of Pinus armandii in Bomi Gang Township Nature Reserve
    YAO Huifang, LU Jie, WANG Chao, CHEN Kang
    2020,(5):  108-115.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.016
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    Taking Pinus armandii population in Bomi Gang Township Nature Reserve of Southeast Tibet as the research object,this paper quantifies dynamic changes of population according to the theory of space in replacement of time,based on field survey data.It compiles the static life table,draws the survival curve and carries on the survival analysis to study the characteristics of population structure and its present survival situation. Through time series analysis,this article explores the trend of population development in the future.The results showed that:1) the population structure of P.armandii in Gangxiang belonged to the growth type,but the growth rate was not large.The population has a certain fluctuation in the process of development,and the number of seedlings and saplings is extremely large,but it was hindered in the process of developing into small trees,with a large number of individual death. The regeneration ability was hindered,and the population was at risk of decline.2) The survival curve of P.armandii population in Gangxiang belonged to Deevey-Ⅰ type,the early mortality rate was very high,and the mortality rate decreased to a certain stage and maintained stable development. The mortality and disappearance rate of the population appeared peak in the Ⅱ age class,and were stable in the Ⅷ—Ⅸ age class.3) With the increase of age class,the survival rate of P.armandii population in Gangxiang decreased,and the cumulative mortality increased,reaching the minimum value of 0 and the maximum value of 1 after the Ⅵ age class. The risk rate reached the highest (0.394) in the Ⅱ age class,and the death density decreased to the lowest (0) in the Ⅲ—Ⅹ age class. In the whole age class stage,the survival rate was lower than the risk rate,which indicates that the population is at risk of decline.4) The time series analysis of P.armandii population in Gangxiang showed that the number of individuals in middle and big tree stage would increase after Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ and Ⅷ age classes.The results showed that the population of P.armandii in Gangxiang experienced a sharp decrease in the early stage,maintained stable in the middle stage and declined in the later stage.Therefore,local protection measures should be taken to strengthen the protection of P.armandii population in Gangxiang for its sustainable development.

    Fire Environment of Forest Fire Formation in Liangshan Prefecture
    BAI Ye, WANG Bo, WU Yingda, LIU Bo
    2020,(5):  116-122.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.017
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    Forest fire has seriously damaged forest resources,threatened the safety of life and property,and caused huge losses.Fire environment is an important condition for forest burning.Analyzing the forest fire environment is of great theoretical and practical significance for studying forest fire behavior and adopting effective forest fire management policies.On the basis of collecting meteorological data,forest resource data and topographic data of Liangshan Prefecture,this paper analyzes the fire environment characteristics of forest fire in Liangshan Prefecture from three aspects:fuel,meteorological conditions and topographic conditions.In addition,the countermeasures of forest fire management,such as strengthening fire prevention media campaign,strengthening forest fuel management,strengthening forest management,improving infrastructure construction,and improving emergency response level,were put forward.The research results can provide basis for fire behavior analysis and forest fire management in Liangshan Prefecture.

    Optimized BP Neural Network Model Based on Genetic Algorithm to Estimate The Leaf Area Index of Pinus densata
    TAN Dehong, SHU Qingtai, ZHAO Hongying, WANG Keren, YUAN Zijian
    2020,(5):  123-130.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.018
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    The leaf area index (LAI) is an important index to measure forest productivity.Remote sensing technology provides support for large-scale of LAI estimation.This study takes Pinus densata as the research object in Shangri-La city,uses Sentinel-2 multi-spectral images as the information source,and combines the measured LAI on the ground sample plots,selects vegetation index which is significantly correlated with LAI through correlation analysis,uses BP neural network model and genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize BP neural network to establish LAI of Pinus densata estimation model.Research shows that:1) Sentinel-2 image red-edge band vegetation index has a high correlation with LAI;2) The coefficient of determination (R 2) of the BP neural network model before and after genetic algorithm optimization were 0.289 and 0.508,and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 0.340 and 0.314.The BP neural network modeling accuracy is higher after the genetic algorithm optimization and the actual measurement the forecast of the change trend of LAI is more accurate.This research result can provide a reference for the study of forest LAI in low latitude and high altitude areas.

    Construction of Smart Cloud Platform for Forest Resources Monitoring based on Open Source GIS
    LAN Yufang, SHI Xiaohua, LI Hongtao, MA Shengli, ZHANG Minzhong
    2020,(5):  131-137.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.019
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    A smart forest resources monitoring and management platform has been successfully developed through introducing the sky-ground integrated monitoring technology system and an open source GIS platform which adopts OpenLayers as client,GeoServer as map server and MySQL as spatial database to build the WebGIS system. The platform designs the open source mobile GIS solution based on the Android system and combines the“Internet+” and cloud computing technology. The paper attempts to discuss the specific technology and design.The establishment of the platform has helped realize the informationization of forest resources monitoring and it is a good implementation of data update in an efficient and rapid way. It is also helpful in workflow,visualizing management for forest resources monitoring.Meanwhile,the design and development of the platform provides a scientific and feasible way to improve the monitoring process and an effective exploration for dynamic monitoring and management of forest resources.

    Study on Physiochemical Properties of Soil of Different Land Use Types in Caohai,Weining of Guizhou Province
    HOU Chunlan, YANG Rui, YANG Baoyong, LIU Zhi, QU Shuang, WU Jiawei
    2020,(5):  138-143.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.020
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    In order to explore the differences in physiochemical properties of soil of different land resource utilization modes in Chaohai,Weining in Guizhou Province,the soils in different soil layers(0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm) under six different land use types(grassland,farmland,Camellia sinensis shrub,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,Populus yunnanensis forest and conifer-broadleaf forest) were chosen as the research objects.The effects of different land use types on soil quality were studied by measuring and analyzing physical structure and nutrient content of soil.The results showed that:1) The total nutrient and organic carbon contents of soil in Caohai watershed were at a medium-low level in China,the available nutrient contents were low in nitrogen,high in phosphorus,and medium in potassium,the soil nutrient contents were unbalanced and mainly limited by nitrogen.2) The structure and nutrient content of soil were different due to different land use patterns.The average soil bulk density of the grassland was the largest and the conifer-broadleaf forest was the smallest.The porosity of Populus yunnanensis forest was the largest and that of grassland and farmland was the smallest.The total nutrient content of Camellia sinensis shrub was higher than that of other sites soil,the soil organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium content of conifer and broadleaf mixed forest was the highest,the content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in grassland was the highest.3) The organic carbon content of soil was related to the physical structure and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium soil on the basis of Pearson coefficients analysis,indicating that the addition of organic matter is conducive to improving soil physical and chemical properties.4) From the perspective of soil quality recovery,the arbor and shrub stands are beneficial to improve soil quality.

    Research on Forest Parameter Information Extraction Progress Driven by UAV Remote Sensing Technology
    WANG Juan, CHEN Yongfu, CHEN Qiao, LI Huayu, ZHANG Chao
    2020,(5):  144-151.  doi:10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2020.05.021
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    UAV driven remote sensing technology has become a useful supplement to satellite and helicopter based remote sensing thanks to its advantages of flexibility,timeliness and low cost,and has gradually become a new technical means for forest resources investigation and monitoring.The paper introduces the advantages in information extraction of forest parameters by using UAV,and systematically introduces the types and the application of sensors carried by UAV. The study expounds the relevant research progress of UAV based remote sensing to obtain forest parameters,such as crown width,tree height,biomass and volume. Finally,it discusses disadvantages of UAV in the extraction of forest parameter information,and also looks into the application of extracting forest parameter with UAV.