Table of Content

28 December 2009, Issue 6

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Management and Administration

Problems and Countermeasures on Collective Forest Tenure Reform in the Nature Reserves in China

LI Jianquan, XIE Hesheng, LI Zhiyong, WU Lilei, LI Shuxin, WEN Yali

2009,(6):  1-8. 

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The collective forests in the nature reserves in China not only provide important ecological resources but also act as the main factors of production and sources of livelihood. How to build a sound policy framework for improving the livelihoods of local residents and strengthening the management of resources utilization has become the focus. In this paper, based on the analysis of the nature reserves construction and the land ownership status, the development problems of the nature reserves were discussed. Meanwhile the difficulties encountered in the tenure reform in the nature reserves were deeply analyzed from the land tenure issues and their causes, the sharp contradiction between local economic development and construction of the nature reserves, the outstanding issues arising from the collective forests in the nature reserves and the challenges faced by the tenure reform of collective forests in the nature reserves. Then some suggestions for the collective tenure reform in the nature reserves were discussed including proper handling of the land tenure issues, constant improvement of protection policy and regulations, actively pushing forward the reform, strengthening the mechanisms of community co-management and participation.

The Present Situation and Reflections of Non-commercial Forests in Guangdong Province

ZENG Feng, XU Xiuyu, WANG Huanan, LI Shanying

2009,(6):  9-15. 

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The paper introduces the status and the achievements of non-commercial forests in Guangdong Province over the past decade, including the policies and system establishment,divisions for management, ecological benefit compensation, management, ecological benefit monitoring, and so on. Presently, there are some issues in the management of non-commercial forests in Guangdong Province, such as low management level, lack of development potential, weak capacity of resisting disasters etc. Finally, some relevant countermeasures and proposals were put forward.

Thinking on Use of the Japanese Government Loan for the Afforestation Project in China

LIU Ping, LI Dongsheng

2009,(6):  16-18. 

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On the basis of summarizing the situation of using the Japanese government loan for China forestry, the authors analyze the effects and outcomes in promoting Chinese forestry development and put forward relevant suggestions and recommendations on existing issues.

Present Status and Improvement of Local Legislation on Wetland Conservation in Jiangsu Province, China

GUO Huiling, XU Lan

2009,(6):  19-23. 

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By analyzing the present legislation about wetlands in Jiangsu and the existing problems, this paper puts forward the ideas of improving wetland legislation, focusing on changing value pursuit of wetland legislation fundamentally, creating a new legislation mechanism as well as improving the evaluation system of wetland environment and the laws on wetland biodiversity conservation.

Study on Follow-up Management of the National Natural Forest Protection Program

LI Dongsheng

2009,(6):  24-27. 

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How to properly resolve a series of follow-up management questions after the implementation of the natural forest protection program is the key to the sustainable and steady development of the natural forest protection program.This paper aims to conduct a deep analysis on the issues in forestry enterprises and forest areas arising from the implementation of the natural forest protection program, and puts forward relevant countermeasures on management of the follow-up development issues.

Science and Technology

Developing Regional Evaluation of Sapium sebiferum Based on Modified Projection Pursuit Technique

LI Baoyin, ZHOU Junxin, CHEN Baibi

2009,(6):  28-33. 

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This paper presented a modified simplex method (MSM) of project pursuit technique, and based on it, brought forword the developing regional evaluation model of Sapium sebiferum, which could integrate the multidimensional classification index into one-dimensional projection value, with high projection denoting high development potential value. Examples of developing regional Sample Set of Sapium sebiferum could be reasonably classified by the new model according to their projection value, the gradation and division of developing region of Sapium sebiferum could be used by the modified projection pursuit technique, which was simple and feasible, applicable, and maneuverable,greatly reducing the optimization time and making the value of projection function optimal. The developing regional evaluation model of Sapium sebiferum driven directly by sample data of Sapium sebiferum was built in this paper. it was more suitable that the grade of Sapium sebiferum was divided based on the cluster analysis. The central district, suitable area and marginal division of species development of Sapium sebiferum were divided.

Comparative Study on the Comprehensive Evaluation Methods for the Sustainable Forest Management

LIANG Huimin, PENG Shikui, SHE Guanghui

2009,(6):  34-38. 

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Through the case study, three calculation methods of the index weight including AHP method, entropy weight method, entropy-AHP method, and two comprehensive evaluation models of the sustainable forest management including the linear weighted sum model, the weighted index model were compared and analyzed. The results prove that the entropy AHP method is an objective and scientific method which integrates the expert decision and the data information decision into one to evaluate the index weight, and the weighted index model is a reasonable comprehensive evaluation model which takes into account the multi-target operation and the coordinated development requirements of the forests and the results are close to the reality of the forest management. So, the weighted index model based on entropy-AHP is a feasible, comprehensive evaluation method of the sustainable forest management.

Efficient Protection Distance and Area of Farmland Protective Forest in Karamay

WAN Meng, PAN Cunde, LI Fuhai, LI Zhigang

2009,(6):  39-43. 

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This thesis studies efficient protection distance and area of farmland protective forest in the comprehensive agricultural development area in Karamay. The results indicate that at present the program of windbreak is unreasonable. Under vested site condition, tree height which the windbreak can reach can not plays a role in protecting the farmland within the development when the windbreak becomes mature. In order to achieve efficient protection, increasing density of the main or subsidiary windbreak is feasible. The main and subsidiary windbreak’s space distance should be 270m and 400m respectively in common wind speed and medium site condition. At the same time, the area percentage of the efficient protection is 16.55%, 13.64%, 10.65%, 7.54%, 4.87%,2.59% and 1.12% respectively on the condition that the wind speed slows down 20%～50%.

Formulization of One-way Tree Volume Tables for Beijing

WEI Jiangxiang, ZENG Weisheng

2009,(6):  44-45. 

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The existing problems of one-way tree volume tables used in continuous forest inventory in Beijing were analyzed, and an approach for formulization of one-way tree volume tables was presented based on the tree height-diameter model. The one-way tree volume equations of 7 tree species established in this paper could fit the samples better, and might be applied to volume estimation in continuous forest inventory in Beijing.

Investigation and Selection on the Optimal Configuration Mode of the Coastal Protective Forest

YUE Xinjian, YE Gongfu, LIN Hongye, WANG Zhen, WANG Dandan

2009,(6):  46-50. 

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The main configuration modes of the coastal protective forest of Casuarina equisetifolia in Dongshan, Fujian were selected. An index system was established, containing 8 indexes of 3 categories such as ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. And their effects were analyzed by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results showed: of all the three factors in the strategy layer, the ecological benefits still rank the first and socio-economic factors also take high weight. As for the total benefits, the order is listed as follows: Mixed Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacias> Agroforestry of fruit trees and Casuarina equisetifolia> Mixed Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia and several other tree species >Mixed Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia and eucalyptuses> Mixed Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia and other introduced trees > Mixed Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia and shrub>Mixed Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia and pines. The optimal allocation of the different types, from the shoreline to landward, was also analyzed. That might be much meaningful to the construction of the coastal protective forest.

Linear Expression of Natural Forest Diameter Distribution and Its Application

WU Jisiguleng, ZHENG Xiaoxian

2009,(6):  51-53. 

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By using linearization method of the non-linear function, the anti-J-curve as traditional natural forest diameter distribution is transformed into a linear form, and the visual performance of the straight-line parameter variety is explored. After doing linear fitting on 123 fixed test forest stands from the natural forest in Changbai Mountains, we get the average correlation coefficient as 0.98. This figure shows that it is feasible to express natural forest diameter distribution as linearization expression. The selective plants for cutting and the predicted diameter distribution before and after logging can be designed by using parameters. Parameters in the design of selective cutting of natural forests are very operable. The research results can provide a basis for the natural forest management and selective cutting operation in particular.

Study on the Structure of the Shrub Stands in Badaling Forest Farm of Beijing

NING Yangcui, ZHENG Xiaoxian, KONG Linghong

2009,(6):  54-58. 

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On the basis of the traditional stand structure indexes and three spatial structure indexes including the mingling, neighborhood pattern and neighborhood comparison as the indicators, spatial structure of the shrubbery stand is analyzd. 1)Research shows the main species include Verbenaceae, prunus armniacaL, Rhamnus parvifolia, Spiraea salicifolia L and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.; 2) shrub crown volume decreases with elevation;the shrub crown volume on the south slope is bigger than that on the north slope; 3) mingling of shrub species is related with the species proportion in the stands, and the mingling decreases with the proportion; 4)the height neighborhood comparison ranking is Spiraea salicifolia L. > Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. > Rhamnus parvifolia,which is related with species biological characteristics.

Application of GIS to Spatial Differentiation of Picea schrenkiana Study in the West of Tianshan Mt. in Xinjiang

WANG Suying, YE Lizao, CHEN Donghua, LI Hu

2009,(6):  59-63. 

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Based on DEM, this study analyses spatial differentiation of vegetation with Picea schrenkiana in Gongliu Tree Farm in Xinjiang as an example. To detect data used in the research which is subject to normal distribution characteristics, the authors illustrate the Normal QQ Plot in ArcGIS9.0 platform. With Moran I index, the authors figure out that distribution of Picea schrenkiana is spatial auto-correlation. Analysis of directional distribution shows Picea schrenkiana runs from northeast to southwest imposed mainly by terrain factors. The overlaying result shows that Picea schrenkiana is mainly distributed at the elevation of 1400~2700 meters. And 77.69% of trees of Picea schrenkiana is distributed on the slope between 15 °~45 °and aspects of north, northeast, west and northwest. It concludes that the relationship between factors of terrain and spatial distribution of Picea schrenkiana is apparently regular.

Characteristics of Stand Regeneration of Two Forest Types in Natural Larix gmelinii Forest

YU Bao, WU Jisiguleng, WANG Baitian, WANG Liming

2009,(6):  64-69. 

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The analysis of this paper shows that different stand structures have different influences on the regeneration of Larix gmelinii in Daxing’anling Mountains in Inner Mongolia. The results indicate:1)comparing to Ledum-Larix forest aged 54~63a and herbage-Larix forest aged 36~48a, the average regeneration density of herbage-Larix forest aged 56~65a reaches to 1 363 trees/ha,which is higher than the fomerby 12.8% and the latter 36.5%;2) When other circumstances are similar, with the increase of stand age and density, herbage-Larix forest aged 36~65a with density of 315~3 263trees/hm² and Ledum-Larix forest aged 54~63a with density of 865~2 241trees/hm² show increasing trend of stand regeneration. And regeneration density increases with increasing of the number of decay level of dead tree and the extent of their decay. However, the regeneration density dropped with the increasing of coverage of herbage and shrub.3)Different distribution pattern has different stand regeneration. The average regeneration density of clustered distribution, random distribution and even distribution are 1 415trees/ha,1 165trees/ha and 118trees/ha respectively.

Study on Species Diversity of Forest Communities of Wulingshan,Hebei Province

SONG Qingfeng , YANG Xinbing , LU Shaowei, WANG Xiaoyan, LI Dongyi

2009,(6):  70-74. 

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The forest has been seriously destroyed in Wulingshan Nature Reserve area. A total of 9 plots were chosen for this study.By comparing species diversiey factors ,the differences among these plots and their correlation with the environmental factors were disclosed ,The results showed that the diversity index of tree layer ,shrub layer and herb layer among various plots was somewhat different. This trend was consistent with the changes of the species diversity and evenness index and species richness index in tree layers.There were differences in the shrub layers and herb layers. The key was the different origins of the forests.Natural forest communities at different developmental stages with the structure of the different components of different sizes from large patches of the mosaic, are a healthy ecosystem. Plantation community with low biological diversity in terms of community vitality and recovery capacity of the organizational structure demonstrates characteristics of an unhealthy system.

The Natural Types and Variety Groups of Camellia reticulata. Lindley. F. simplex Sealy

SHEN Lixin, LIANG Luohui, WANG Qinghua, DUAN Chengbo, CHEN Xiao

2009,(6):  75-79. 

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There are various variety groups in terms of natural pollination and hybridization of Camellia reticulata. Lindley. F. simplex Sealy that is endemic to Yunnan. This paper has classified these variety groups into three types and 20 variety groups based on their biological flower and fruit characters and the economic values. This paper aims to provide scientific basis for further research on breeding and cultivating the high yield and high valued horticultural varieties of Camellia reticulata.

Study on Anti-scouring Feature of Pinus Tabulaeformis Forest in Badaling Forest Farm of Beijing

ZHANG Zhenming, YU Xinxiao, WU Hailong, SONG Siming

2009,(6):  80-83. 

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Runoff and soil are two basic sides of soil erosion and water loss. The anti-scouring feature of forest land soil was examined by using the undisturbed soil sample washing experiment and the spot washing experiment. The results showed that in the undisturbed soil sample washing experiment, the relationship between sediment yield and time was a cubic equation. Furthermore, an increase in slope and runoff was accompanied by an increasing sediment yield. Its correlation equation with the dry weight of the roots was a quadratic equation. In comparison, in the spot washing experiment the relationship between the sediment yield and time was an exponential equation. There was a positive correlation between the sediment yield and the runoff. Both experiments indicated that the runoff process had single or multiple peaks.

Comparison of Hydrological Functions of Four Typical Zonal Vegetations in Different Climatic Zones

WANG Bin, YANG Xiaosheng, LI Zhengcai, GERI Letu

2009,(6):  84-90. 

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Based on the location observation data of Chinese ecosystem research network about four typical zonal vegetations, this paper analyzed the difference of hydrological functions in different climatic zones. The results showed that the soil bulk density increased with soil depth, but soil porosity, soil effective moisture, saturation moisture content and water content per month are opposite. The runoff of Dinghu Mountain was the highest among the four forests and consumed the largest portion of precipitation. The evapotranspiration of Ailao Mountain was the highest and consumed the largest portion of precipitation; the soil water absorption capacity of Ailao Mountain was the largest and followed by Dinghu Mountains,Changbai Mountains and Xishuangbanna, while the soil water storage ability of Dinghu Mountain was the highest, and followed by Changbai Mountains,Ailao Mountains and Xishuangbanna.

Effects of Farmland Sheltbelts of Different Arrangements on Soil Fertility

MA Liqiang, HAO Yuguang, ZHANG Qiuliang, ZHANG Hongli, LIU Yang

2009,(6):  91-95. 

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With 8 kinds of soil that are affected by different farmland sheltbelts in the northeast part of Ulanbuh Desert being selected as research objects and the analysis on soil samples, this paper gains data about soil pH, organic content, total nutrient (N , P and K) and available nutrient (N , P and K). At the same time, the paper analyses the effects of 8 kinds of farmland sheltbelts on farmland soil fertility according to these data. The result indicates that the farmland sheltbelt having 8 lines arrangement (3 lines P. nigra L. var. thevestina plus 2 lines P. alba var. pyramidalis plus 3 lines P. nigra L. var. thevestina and 8 lines P. popularis) and 4 line arrangement (1 line Ulmus pumila L.puls 2 lines Salix matsudana Koidz puls 1 line Ulmus pumila L.) improves noticeably soil fertility. Among the three arrangements, the farmland sheltbelt having 8 lines (3 lines P. nigra L. var. thevestina plus 2 lines P. alba var. pyramidalis plus 3 lines P. nigra L. var. thevestina) has the greatest impact on soil fertility, its available nitrogen and potassium have increased 417%, 138% than the wilderness. The farmland sheltbelt with 8 line arrangement (4 lines Salix matsudana Koidz plus 4 lines P. popularis) and 2 lines P. Canadensis Moench. Verz hardly improves soil fertility.

The Fine Root Distribution Characters of the Shelterbelt of Populus tomentosa

SONG Zigang, ZHOU Wenquan, WANG Yanhui

2009,(6):  96-101. 

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A study on fine root characters of a 17-year-old populus tomentosa Carr. Shelterbelt composed of one row in each roadside without root-trench was carried out. The averaged root characters per-unit soil volume for the farmland range of 5.0m from shelterbelt and the depth of 100cm are as follows: root weight is 92.20g/m³, root length 641.01m/m³, root surface area 1.0588m²/m³, root volume 103.7cm³/m³ and fine root tips 301481 tip/m³. The root characters in farmland decrease with the increase of the distance from the shelterbelt, firstly increase and then decrease with the soil depth. Higher values are mostly distributed in the 20-40cm or 40-60cm soil depth within the range of less than 1.5m from the shelterbelt. The root characters decrease rapidly or obviously in the range from 1.5m to 3.0m. In the farmland 3.0m or 5.0m away from the shelterbelt, the root characters decrease slowly with the distance from the shelterbelt, and the maximum values of root characters rise to the soil layer of 10-20cm. The most competitive zone for crops may be the range within 3m away from the shelterbelt.

On the Investigation of the Cases of Timber Resources Destruction

YU Chengjiang

2009,(6):  102-106. 

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The investigation of timber resources is one of the main types of criminal cases in the destruction of forest resources. The timber resources are the specific objects of impairment in such cases. The results of the impairment can be observed and identifiable. Special emphasis should be put on these characteristics which determine the scope, content and means of evidence investigation.

Analysis on DGPS Positioning Accuracy in Natural Secondary Forests of Picea crassifolia

LIU Qingwang, LI Zengyuan, Chen Erxue, CAO Bin, BAI Lina

2009,(6):  107-112. 

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The Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (WATER) is a large scale observation experiment designed to resolve the scientific questions of earth surface system science, which includes the forest hydrology experiment located at the Dayekou ecoligical station of water source conservation forest in Qilian Mountains. The forest type is the secondary natural forests of Picea crassifolia. In order to match the data simultaneously acquired through airborne or satellite-borne observations and field-based observations, the research adopted independent observations by using the DGPS and the Total Station respectively. The Total Station observations were used as reference values, and used for analyzing and assessing the DGPS positioning accuracy in forests. The result shows that the differential process accuracy of single frequency is similar to the differential process accuracy of double frequency. The satellite number or PDOP values doesn’t reflect the positioning accuracy while the closure is the major influence factor. The positioning accuracy level varies from sub-meter to meter.

Modeling on Fire Resistance of Pinus yunnanensis Needles

LI Shiyou, LIU Wensheng, ZUO Yong, LIU Huilong, ZHAO Wenjing, LIU Jinlong

2009,(6):  113-115. 

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Fire resistance experimentations of the needles of P. yunnanensis were tested during the highly dangerous period of forest fire in 2009 with experimental equipment designed by the authors. Discrimination post-heated mortality based on the colors of needles soaked with 1% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) solution, and the mortality rate was accounted. The mortality rate model of needles was established. The results showed that the main factors influencing fire resistance of the needles were arranged in order of temperature, heating time, average length of needles, and sheath could protect needles under high temperature.

An Inquiry into Annual Updating of NFI Data under Stratified Sampling

ZHOU Qi, YAO Shunbin

2009,(6):  116-119. 

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Using historical data of forest resources inventory and regional planning information of Jiangsu province, a provincial population is stratified. Then, field work was conducted in randomly selected sampling plots in the strata where annual changes are obvious, while in the stratum where changes are not obvious, data from the field inventory data in previous year are directly referenced and stratified sampling estimation is carried out. In this way, annual updating of NFI data is realized at lower costs. This paper also carries out an experimental research by using the 2000-2005 inventory data of Jiangsu province, and the results show that it is feasible.

Application of Spatial Association Rules in Forestry Information System

ZHANG Guangqun, FANG Luming, WANG Hangjun

2009,(6):  120-123. 

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Apriori algorithm, as a classical association rule data mining method, is applied to the forestry information management system. In this paper, a new method is brought forward for abtaining effective association rules from subcompartments,administrative areas, rivers, roads and so on. With a county-level city as an example, somepreliminary results have been achieved.